Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Javad, Paknahad Maryam, Khaleghi Iman, Eghlidospour Mahsa
Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer Street, WI 53211 Milwaukee, USA; Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation protection Research Center (INIRpRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Int Orthod. 2018 Sep;16(3):562-570. doi: 10.1016/j.ortho.2018.06.013. Epub 2018 Jul 12.
The worldwide dramatic increase in the use of cell phones has generated great concerns about their potential adverse health effects.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) emitted from mobile phones on the level of nickel release from orthodontic brackets.
Twenty stainless steel brackets were divided randomly into experimental and control groups (n=10). Brackets were immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C for 6 months. Experimental group were exposed to GSM 900MHz RF-EMFs emitted from a mobile phone stimulator for 4hours. The specific absorption rate (SAR) was 2.287W/kg. The concentration of nickel in the artificial saliva in both groups was evaluated by using the cold-vapour atomic absorption spectrometry. The Mann-Whitney test was used to assess significant differences in nickel release between the exposed and non-exposed groups.
The mean nickel levels in the exposed and non-exposed groups were 11.95 and 2.89μg/l, respectively. This difference between the concentrations of nickel in the artificial saliva of these groups was statistically significant (P=0.001).
Exposure to RF-EMFs emitted from mobile phones can lead to human exposure to higher levels of nickel in saliva in patients with orthodontic appliances. As nickel exposure can lead to allergic reaction in humans and considering this point that about 10-20% of the population can be hypersensitive to nickel, further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) emitted from common devices such as mobile phones or Wi-Fi routers on the level of nickel release from orthodontic brackets.
全球范围内手机使用量急剧增加，引发了人们对其潜在健康不良影响的极大关注。
本研究旨在评估手机发出的射频电磁场（RF-EMF）对正畸托槽镍释放水平的影响。
将20个不锈钢托槽随机分为实验组和对照组（n = 10）。托槽在37°C的人工唾液中浸泡6个月。实验组暴露于手机模拟器发出的GSM 900MHz射频电磁场中4小时。比吸收率（SAR）为2.287W/kg。使用冷蒸汽原子吸收光谱法评估两组人工唾液中的镍浓度。采用曼-惠特尼检验评估暴露组和未暴露组之间镍释放的显著差异。
暴露组和未暴露组的平均镍水平分别为11.95和2.89μg/l。这些组人工唾液中镍浓度的差异具有统计学意义（P = 0.001）。
暴露于手机发出的射频电磁场可导致正畸矫治器患者唾液中镍含量升高。由于镍暴露可导致人体过敏反应，并且考虑到约10-20%的人群可能对镍过敏，因此需要进一步研究来评估手机或Wi-Fi路由器等常见设备发出的射频电磁场对正畸托槽镍释放水平的影响。
