Tsolaki Eleftheria, Yannaki Evangelia
Eleftheria Tsolaki, Evangelia Yannaki, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematology Department-BMT Unit, George Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece.
World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Nov 21;21(43):12334-50. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i43.12334.
The existing mismatch between the great demand for liver transplants and the number of available donor organs highlights the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies in patients with acute or chronic liver failure. The rapidly growing knowledge on stem cell biology and the intrinsic repair processes of the liver has opened new avenues for using stem cells as a cell therapy platform in regenerative medicine for hepatic diseases. An impressive number of cell types have been investigated as sources of liver regeneration: adult and fetal liver hepatocytes, intrahepatic stem cell populations, annex stem cells, adult bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. All these highly different cell types, used either as cell suspensions or, in combination with biomaterials as implantable liver tissue constructs, have generated great promise for liver regeneration. However, fundamental questions still need to be addressed and critical hurdles to be overcome before liver cell therapy emerges. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art in the field of stem cell-based therapies for the liver along with existing challenges and future perspectives towards a successful liver cell therapy that will ultimately deliver its demanding goals.
肝移植的巨大需求与可用供体器官数量之间现有的不匹配凸显了急性或慢性肝衰竭患者对替代治疗策略的迫切需求。干细胞生物学以及肝脏内在修复过程方面迅速增长的知识为在再生医学中使用干细胞作为肝病细胞治疗平台开辟了新途径。作为肝脏再生来源，已有大量细胞类型被研究：成体和胎儿肝脏肝细胞、肝内干细胞群体、肝门干细胞、成体骨髓来源的造血干细胞、内皮祖细胞、间充质基质细胞、胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞。所有这些高度不同的细胞类型，无论是作为细胞悬液使用，还是与生物材料结合用作可植入肝脏组织构建体，都为肝脏再生带来了巨大希望。然而，在肝细胞治疗出现之前，仍需解决一些基本问题并克服关键障碍。在本综述中，我们总结了基于干细胞的肝脏治疗领域的最新进展以及现有挑战和未来展望，以期实现最终能达成其苛刻目标的成功肝细胞治疗。
