Schultz M
Zentrum für Anatomie, Universität Göttingen.
Anthropol Anz. 1989 Mar;47(1):39-50.
Causes and frequency of diseases during childhood in populations of the Middle Ages were studied. The infant skeletons of ten populations from Central Europe and Anatolia were examined by macroscopical, radiological, endoscopical, histological, and scanning-electron microscopical techniques. Because only little is known about Anatolian populations, more attention was paid to the Byzantine populations. The infant skeletons are very well preserved. Therefore, the morbidity and the mortality could be studied in detail. The following disorders were diagnosed: anemia, C-avitaminosis, D-avitaminosis, osteomyelitis, meningitis-meningoencephalitis, otitis media and mastoiditis, perisinusitis, inflammation of the cavum nasi, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, stomatitis, periodontal diseases, caries, pleuritis, trauma, and malformations. The frequency of diseases and the mortality depended on the type and the intensity of particular external life conditions. These may have been quite different in several social groups of the same population. In summary, these studies provide new information on the etiology and the epidemiology of diseases during childhood in the Middle Ages.
对中世纪人群儿童期疾病的病因及发病率进行了研究。运用宏观、放射、内镜、组织学及扫描电子显微镜技术，对来自中欧和安纳托利亚的十个人群的婴儿骨骼进行了检查。由于对安纳托利亚人群了解甚少，因此对拜占庭人群给予了更多关注。这些婴儿骨骼保存得非常完好。因此，可以详细研究发病率和死亡率。诊断出以下疾病：贫血、维生素C缺乏症、维生素D缺乏症、骨髓炎、脑膜炎 - 脑膜脑炎、中耳炎和乳突炎、鼻窦周围炎、鼻腔炎症、副鼻窦炎、口腔炎、牙周疾病、龋齿、胸膜炎、创伤和畸形。疾病的发病率和死亡率取决于特定外部生活条件的类型和强度。在同一人群的几个社会群体中，这些条件可能有很大差异。总之，这些研究为中世纪儿童期疾病的病因学和流行病学提供了新信息。
