Suomi Johanna, Ranta Jukka, Tuominen Pirkko, Putkonen Tiina, Bäckman Christina, Ovaskainen Marja-Leena, Virtanen Suvi M, Savela Kirsti
a Risk Assessment Research Unit, Research and Laboratory Department , Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira , Helsinki , Finland.
b Chemistry and Toxicology Unit, Research and Laboratory Department , Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira , Helsinki , Finland.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2016;33(1):41-53. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1117145. Epub 2015 Dec 3.
Nitrite intake from the consumption of cured meat and tap water was estimated for Finnish children of 1, 3 and 6 years as well as Finnish adults of 25-74 years. Nitrite content in the foods was measured by capillary electrophoresis, and was then used together with individual food consumption data from the FINDIET 2007 and DIPP studies in a stochastic exposure assessment by a Monte Carlo Risk Assessment (MCRA) program. Nitrite intake from additive sources and tap water was assessed, and more than every 10th child between the ages 3 and 6 years was estimated to have a nitrite intake exceeding the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of nitrite. The high exposure levels were caused by frequent consumption of large portions of sausages, up to 350 g day(-1) or 750 g in 3 days, among the children. Median nitrite intake from cured meat was 0.016, 0.040, 0.033 and 0.005 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1) for children of 1, 3 and 6 years and adults, respectively. Bayesian estimation was employed to determine safe consumption levels of sausages and cold cuts for children, and these results gave rise to new national food consumption advice.
研究估算了芬兰1岁、3岁和6岁儿童以及25至74岁成年人从腌制肉类和自来水中摄入亚硝酸盐的情况。通过毛细管电泳法测量食物中的亚硝酸盐含量，然后将其与来自2007年芬兰饮食研究（FINDIET 2007）和芬兰公共卫生部营养政策司（DIPP）研究中的个体食物消费数据一起，运用蒙特卡罗风险评估（MCRA）程序进行随机暴露评估。评估了来自添加剂源和自来水的亚硝酸盐摄入量，估计3至6岁的儿童中每10个就有超过1个的亚硝酸盐摄入量超过亚硝酸盐的每日可接受摄入量（ADI）。高暴露水平是由于儿童频繁大量食用香肠所致——高达每天350克或3天内食用750克。1岁、3岁和6岁儿童以及成年人从腌制肉类中摄入亚硝酸盐量的中位数分别为0.016、0.040、0.033和0.005毫克/千克体重/天。采用贝叶斯估计法来确定儿童食用香肠和冷切肉（西式火腿）的安全消费水平，这些结果产生了新的国家食物消费建议。
