Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Nutrients. 2017 Dec 1;9(12):1309. doi: 10.3390/nu9121309.
The infant diet has short- and long-term health consequences. Updated data regarding the dietary intake of Finnish infants are lacking. The objectives of this study were to describe infant food and nutrient intake and to identify food sources of the nutrients. Altogether, 739 healthy infants were studied. Dietary intake and breastfeeding frequency were assessed with a three-day food record at 1 year of age. Dietary intake was calculated separately for non-breastfed and breastfed infants. One-third (36%) of the infants were partially breastfed and 95% consumed mass-produced baby foods. The infants' diet consisted mainly of infant formula, dairy milk, porridges, fruit and berry foods, and meat dishes. The mean vegetable, fruit and berry consumption was 199 g/day. Most nutrient intakes were adequate except for fat, linoleic acid, vitamin D and iron from food. Mean sucrose intake, as a percentage of total energy intake (E%), was 5-6 E%. High protein intake (>20 E%) was observed in 19% of non-breastfed infants. Overall, the infants' diet was favorable since vegetable and fruit consumption was reasonably high and nutrient intake was mostly adequate. However, the fat intake was lower, and protein intake higher than recommended. Increasing the consumption of vegetable oils and reducing the intake of red meat and dairy milk may further improve the diet of 1-year-olds.
婴儿的饮食对其短期和长期健康都有影响。目前缺乏有关芬兰婴儿饮食摄入的最新数据。本研究的目的是描述婴儿的食物和营养摄入情况，并确定营养物质的食物来源。共有 739 名健康婴儿参与了研究。在 1 岁时，通过三天的饮食记录评估了婴儿的饮食摄入和母乳喂养频率。分别计算了非母乳喂养和母乳喂养婴儿的饮食摄入。三分之一（36%）的婴儿进行了部分母乳喂养，95%的婴儿食用了工业化生产的婴儿食品。婴儿的饮食主要包括婴儿配方奶粉、牛奶、粥、水果和浆果食品以及肉类菜肴。平均蔬菜、水果和浆果的摄入量为 199 克/天。除了食物中的脂肪、亚油酸、维生素 D 和铁之外，大多数营养素的摄入量都是充足的。平均蔗糖摄入量占总能量摄入量（E%）的 5-6%。19%的非母乳喂养婴儿蛋白质摄入量过高（>20 E%）。总的来说，婴儿的饮食是有利的，因为蔬菜和水果的摄入量相当高，营养摄入也大多充足。然而，脂肪摄入量较低，蛋白质摄入量较高。增加植物油的摄入量，减少红肉和牛奶的摄入量，可能会进一步改善 1 岁婴儿的饮食。
