Huang Hsing-I, Shih Shin-Ru
Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan.
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan.
Viruses. 2015 Nov 24;7(11):6051-66. doi: 10.3390/v7112920.
Enteroviruses are a group of positive-sense single stranded viruses that belong to the Picornaviridae family. Most enteroviruses infect humans from the gastrointestinal tract and cause mild symptoms. However, several enteroviruses can invade the central nervous system (CNS) and result in various neurological symptoms that are correlated to mortality associated with enteroviral infections. In recent years, large outbreaks of enteroviruses occurred worldwide. Therefore, these neurotropic enteroviruses have been deemed as re-emerging pathogens. Although these viruses are becoming large threats to public health, our understanding of these viruses, especially for non-polio enteroviruses, is limited. In this article, we review recent advances in the trafficking of these pathogens from the peripheral to the central nervous system, compare their cell tropism, and discuss the effects of viral infections in their host neuronal cells.
肠道病毒是一组正义单链病毒，属于小核糖核酸病毒科。大多数肠道病毒经胃肠道感染人类并引起轻微症状。然而，几种肠道病毒可侵入中枢神经系统（CNS）并导致各种神经症状，这些症状与肠道病毒感染相关的死亡率有关。近年来，肠道病毒在全球范围内大规模爆发。因此，这些嗜神经性肠道病毒被视为重新出现的病原体。尽管这些病毒对公众健康构成了巨大威胁，但我们对这些病毒的了解，尤其是对非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒的了解仍然有限。在本文中，我们综述了这些病原体从外周向中枢神经系统转运的最新进展，比较了它们的细胞嗜性，并讨论了病毒感染对其宿主神经元细胞的影响。
