Wibmer A, Nolz R, Trauner M, Ba-Ssalamah A
Universitätsklinik für Radiodiagnostik und Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Universität Wien, Allgemeines Krankenhaus der Stadt Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinische Abteilung für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich.
Radiologe. 2015 Dec;55(12):1057-66. doi: 10.1007/s00117-015-0032-3.
The diagnostics of diffuse liver disease traditionally rely on liver biopsies and histopathological analysis of tissue specimens. However, a liver biopsy is invasive and carries some non-negligible risks, especially for patients with decreased liver function and those requiring repeated follow-up examinations. Over the last decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has developed into a valuable tool for the non-invasive characterization of focal liver lesions and diseases of the bile ducts. Recently, several MRI methods have been developed and clinically evaluated that also allow the diagnostics and staging of diffuse liver diseases, e.g. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, hemochromatosis and hemosiderosis. The sequelae of diffuse liver diseases, such as a decreased liver functional reserve or portal hypertension, can also be detected and quantified by modern MRI methods. This article provides the reader with the basic principles of functional MRI of the liver and discusses the importance in a clinical context.
传统上，弥漫性肝病的诊断依赖于肝活检以及组织标本的组织病理学分析。然而，肝活检具有侵入性，且存在一些不可忽视的风险，尤其是对于肝功能下降的患者以及那些需要反复进行随访检查的患者。在过去几十年中，磁共振成像（MRI）已发展成为一种用于局灶性肝病变和胆管疾病无创特征描述的重要工具。最近，已经开发并进行了临床评估的几种MRI方法，也能够用于弥漫性肝病的诊断和分期，例如非酒精性脂肪性肝病、肝炎、肝纤维化、肝硬化、血色素沉着症和含铁血黄素沉着症。弥漫性肝病的后遗症，如肝功能储备下降或门静脉高压，也可以通过现代MRI方法进行检测和量化。本文向读者介绍了肝脏功能MRI的基本原理，并讨论了其在临床背景下的重要性。
