Smith Michael E
Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;875:1067-74. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_132.
Exposure to intense sound or ototoxic chemicals can damage the auditory hair cells of vertebrates, resulting in hearing loss. Although the relationship between such hair cell damage and auditory function is fairly established for terrestrial vertebrates, there are limited data available to understand this relationship in fishes. Although investigators have measured either the morphological damage of the inner ear or the functional deficits in the hearing of fishes, very few have directly measured both in an attempt to find a relationship between the two. Those studies that have examined both auditory hair cell damage in the inner ear and the resulting hearing loss in fishes are reviewed here. In general, there is a significant linear relationship between the number of hair cells lost and the severity of hearing threshold shifts, although this varies between species and different hair cell-damaging stimuli. After trauma to the fish ear, auditory hair cells are able to regenerate to control level densities. With this regeneration also comes a restoration of hearing. Thus there is also a significant relationship between hair cell recovery and hearing recovery in fishes.
暴露于高强度声音或耳毒性化学物质会损害脊椎动物的听觉毛细胞，导致听力损失。虽然这种毛细胞损伤与听觉功能之间的关系在陆生脊椎动物中已相当明确，但关于鱼类的这一关系的数据却很有限。尽管研究人员已测量了鱼类内耳的形态损伤或听力功能缺陷，但很少有人直接同时测量这两者以试图找出它们之间的关系。本文综述了那些对内耳听觉毛细胞损伤和由此导致的鱼类听力损失都进行了研究的文献。一般来说，毛细胞损失数量与听力阈值变化的严重程度之间存在显著的线性关系，不过这在不同物种和不同的毛细胞损伤刺激之间存在差异。鱼类耳朵受到创伤后，听觉毛细胞能够再生至对照水平的密度。随着这种再生，听力也会恢复。因此，鱼类毛细胞恢复与听力恢复之间也存在显著关系。
