固有免疫细胞和共生细菌在肠道稳态中的作用。
Functions of innate immune cells and commensal bacteria in gut homeostasis.
作者信息
Kayama Hisako, Takeda Kiyoshi
机构信息
Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
出版信息
J Biochem. 2016 Feb;159(2):141-9. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvv119. Epub 2015 Nov 27.
The intestinal immune system remains unresponsive to beneficial microbes and dietary antigens while activating pro-inflammatory responses against pathogens for host defence. In intestinal mucosa, abnormal activation of innate immunity, which directs adaptive immune responses, causes the onset and/or progression of inflammatory bowel diseases. Thus, innate immunity is finely regulated in the gut. Multiple innate immune cell subsets have been identified in both murine and human intestinal lamina propria. Some innate immune cells play a key role in the maintenance of gut homeostasis by preventing inappropriate adaptive immune responses while others are associated with the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation through development of Th1 and Th17 cells. In addition, intestinal microbiota and their metabolites contribute to the regulation of innate/adaptive immune responses. Accordingly, perturbation of microbiota composition can trigger intestinal inflammation by driving inappropriate immune responses.
肠道免疫系统对有益微生物和饮食抗原保持无反应状态，同时激活针对病原体的促炎反应以进行宿主防御。在肠道黏膜中，指导适应性免疫反应的固有免疫异常激活会导致炎症性肠病的发生和/或进展。因此，肠道中固有免疫受到精细调节。在小鼠和人类肠道固有层中已鉴定出多种固有免疫细胞亚群。一些固有免疫细胞通过防止不适当的适应性免疫反应在维持肠道稳态中起关键作用，而其他细胞则通过Th1和Th17细胞的发育与肠道炎症的发病机制相关。此外，肠道微生物群及其代谢产物有助于调节固有/适应性免疫反应。因此，微生物群组成的扰动可通过引发不适当的免疫反应来触发肠道炎症。
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