Le Devendec Laetitia, Mourand Gwenaelle, Bougeard Stéphanie, Léaustic Julien, Jouy Eric, Keita Alassane, Couet William, Rousset Nathalie, Kempf Isabelle
ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, F-22440 Ploufragan, France; Université Européenne de Bretagne, F-35000 Rennes, France.
Inserm U1070, Pôle Biologie Santé, F-86000 Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine-Pharmacie, F-86000 Poitiers, France; CHU Poitiers, Service de Toxicologie-Pharmacocinétique, F-86021 Poitiers Cedex, France.
Vet Microbiol. 2016 Oct 15;194:98-106. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.012. Epub 2015 Nov 17.
The application of manure may result in contamination of the environment with antimicrobials, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, resistance genes and plasmids. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the administration of colistin and of manure management on (i) the presence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and (ii) the prevalence of various antimicrobial resistance genes in feces and in composted or stored manure. One flock of chickens was treated with colistin at the recommended dosage and a second flock was kept as an untreated control. Samples of feces, litter and stored or composted manure from both flocks were collected for isolation and determination of the colistin-susceptibility of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa and quantification of genes coding for resistance to different antimicrobials. The persistence of plasmids in stored or composted manure from colistin-treated broilers was also evaluated by plasmid capturing experiments. Results revealed that colistin administration to chickens had no apparent impact on the antimicrobial resistance of the dominant Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa populations in the chicken gut. Composting stimulated an apparently limited decrease in genes coding for resistance to different antimicrobial families. Importantly, it was shown that even after six weeks of composting or storage, plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance genes could still be transferred to a recipient E. coli. In conclusion, composting is insufficient to completely eliminate the risk of spreading antimicrobial resistance through chicken manure.
施用粪肥可能导致环境受到抗菌药物、耐药菌、抗性基因和质粒的污染。本研究的目的是调查黏菌素给药和粪肥管理对（i）耐黏菌素的大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌的存在情况，以及（ii）粪便、堆肥或储存粪肥中各种抗菌抗性基因流行率的影响。一组鸡以推荐剂量用黏菌素治疗，另一组鸡作为未治疗的对照。收集两组鸡的粪便、垫料以及储存或堆肥的粪肥样本，用于分离和测定大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌对黏菌素的敏感性，以及对不同抗菌药物耐药性编码基因的定量分析。还通过质粒捕获实验评估了来自用黏菌素处理过的肉鸡的储存或堆肥粪肥中质粒的持久性。结果显示，给鸡施用黏菌素对鸡肠道中优势肠杆菌科细菌和铜绿假单胞菌群体的抗菌抗性没有明显影响。堆肥似乎仅有限地降低了对不同抗菌药物家族耐药性编码基因的数量。重要的是，研究表明，即使经过六周的堆肥或储存，携带抗菌抗性基因的质粒仍可转移至受体大肠杆菌。总之，堆肥不足以完全消除通过鸡粪传播抗菌抗性的风险。
