Murugan Kadarkarai, Dinesh Devakumar, Kavithaa Krishnamoorthy, Paulpandi Manickam, Ponraj Thondhi, Alsalhi Mohamad Saleh, Devanesan Sandhanasamy, Subramaniam Jayapal, Rajaganesh Rajapandian, Wei Hui, Kumar Suresh, Nicoletti Marcello, Benelli Giovanni
Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India.
Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India.
Parasitol Res. 2016 Mar;115(3):1085-96. doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4838-8. Epub 2015 Dec 1.
Mosquito vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) are responsible for transmission of serious diseases worldwide. Mosquito control is being enhanced in many areas, but there are significant challenges, including increasing resistance to insecticides and lack of alternative, cost-effective, and eco-friendly products. To deal with these crucial issues, recent emphasis has been placed on plant materials with mosquitocidal properties. Furthermore, cancers figure among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths in 2012. It is expected that annual cancer cases will rise from 14 million in 2012 to 22 million within the next two decades. Nanotechnology is a promising field of research and is expected to give major innovation impulses in a variety of industrial sectors. In this study, we synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles using the hydrothermal method. Nanoparticles were subjected to different analysis including UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), zeta potential, and energy-dispersive spectrometric (EDX). The synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and normal breast epithelial cells (HBL-100). After 24-h incubation, the inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were found to be 60 and 80 μg/mL on MCF-7 and normal HBL-100 cells, respectively. Induction of apoptosis was evidenced by Acridine Orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EtBr) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining. In larvicidal and pupicidal experiments conducted against the primary dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti, LC50 values of nanoparticles were 4.02 ppm (larva I), 4.962 ppm (larva II), 5.671 ppm (larva III), 6.485 ppm (larva IV), and 7.527 ppm (pupa). Overall, our results suggested that TiO2 nanoparticles may be considered as a safe tool to build newer and safer mosquitocides and chemotherapeutic agents with little systemic toxicity.
蚊媒（双翅目：蚊科）在全球范围内传播严重疾病。许多地区正在加强蚊虫控制，但面临重大挑战，包括对杀虫剂的抗性增加以及缺乏替代的、具有成本效益且环保的产品。为应对这些关键问题，近期人们将重点放在了具有杀蚊特性的植物材料上。此外，癌症是全球发病和死亡的主要原因之一，2012年约有1400万新发病例和820万癌症相关死亡病例。预计在未来二十年内，每年的癌症病例将从2012年的1400万增至2200万。纳米技术是一个充满前景的研究领域，有望在多个工业领域带来重大创新动力。在本研究中，我们采用水热法合成了二氧化钛（TiO₂）纳米颗粒。对纳米颗粒进行了不同分析，包括紫外可见分光光度法、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、zeta电位和能量色散光谱（EDX）。合成的TiO₂纳米颗粒对人乳腺癌细胞（MCF - 7）和正常乳腺上皮细胞（HBL - 100）表现出剂量依赖性细胞毒性。孵育24小时后，发现MCF - 7细胞和正常HBL - 100细胞的抑制浓度（IC50）分别为60和80μg/mL。吖啶橙（AO）/溴化乙锭（EtBr）和4',6 - 二脒基 - 2 - 苯基吲哚二盐酸盐（DAPI）染色证明了细胞凋亡的诱导。在针对主要登革热蚊媒埃及伊蚊进行的杀幼虫和杀蛹实验中，纳米颗粒的LC50值分别为4.02 ppm（一龄幼虫）、4.962 ppm（二龄幼虫）、5.671 ppm（三龄幼虫）、6.485 ppm（四龄幼虫）和7.527 ppm（蛹）。总体而言，我们的结果表明，TiO₂纳米颗粒可被视为一种安全工具，用于制造新型且更安全的杀蚊剂和化疗药物，且全身毒性较小。
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