Barati Mohammad, Mohebali Mehdi, Alimohammadian Mohammad Hossein, Khmesipour Ali, Keshavarz Hossein, Akhoundi Behnaz, Zarei Zabihollah
Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Center for Research of Infectious Diseases, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Iran J Parasitol. 2015 Jul-Sep;10(3):351-9.
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is not only an emerging veterinary concern but also a public health threat in endemic areas. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of two doses of aluminum hydroxide (alum) precipitated Leishmania major (Alum-ALM) mixed with BCG plus imiquimod against CVL.
A total of 560 ownership dogs were serologically tested and 234 healthy dogs with no clinical signs of CVL, no anti-Leishmania antibodies and negative leishmanin skin test were selected and double-blind randomly injected intradermally either with 0.1 ml Alum-ALM (200µg protein) mixed with BCG (2 × 10(6) CFUs) plus imiquimod (121 dogs) or with 0.1 ml of normal saline (113 dogs).
The follow-up examinations showed that there was no side effect associated with the vaccination except one case. Strong skin test conversion were seen in vaccinated group (30.3%) compared to the control group (6.6%) at 22-24 weeks after the booster injection (p<0.001). The seroconversion was 16.3% (18/110) in vaccinated group and 26.4% (28/106) in control group after two transmission cycles but the difference was not significant (P=0.095). The efficacy rate based on seroconversion was 40.4 %.
Two injections of Alum-ALM mixed with BCG and imiquimod is safe, although decreases the seroconversion rate of CVL, but the overall efficacy was low.
犬内脏利什曼病（CVL）不仅是一个新出现的兽医关注问题，也是流行地区的公共卫生威胁。本研究的目的是评估两剂氢氧化铝（明矾）沉淀的硕大利什曼原虫（Alum-ALM）与卡介苗加咪喹莫特联合使用对CVL的疗效、免疫原性和安全性。
对总共560只家养犬进行血清学检测，选择234只无CVL临床症状、无抗利什曼原虫抗体且利什曼菌素皮肤试验阴性的健康犬，双盲随机皮内注射0.1 ml Alum-ALM（200μg蛋白质）与卡介苗（2×10⁶CFU）加咪喹莫特（121只犬）或0.1 ml生理盐水（113只犬）。
随访检查显示，除1例病例外，疫苗接种未出现副作用。加强注射后22 - 24周，接种组（30.3%）的皮肤试验强阳性转化率高于对照组（6.6%）（p<0.001）。两个传播周期后，接种组的血清转化率为16.3%（18/110），对照组为26.4%（28/106），但差异无统计学意义（P = 0.095）。基于血清转化的有效率为40.4%。
两剂Alum-ALM与卡介苗和咪喹莫特联合使用是安全的，尽管降低了CVL的血清转化率，但总体疗效较低。
