Medical Device Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Company Ltd. , Seoul 135-710, Korea.
Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital , 65 Landsdowne Street UP-5, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
ACS Nano. 2016 Jan 26;10(1):822-31. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05931. Epub 2015 Dec 4.
Light-absorbing nanoparticles for localized heat generation in tissues have various biomedical applications in diagnostic imaging, surgery, and therapies. Although numerous plasmonic and carbon-based nanoparticles with strong optical absorption have been developed, their clearance, potential cytotoxicity, and long-term safety issues remain unresolved. Here, we show that "generally regarded as safe (GRAS)" melanoidins prepared from glucose and amino acid offer a high light-to-heat conversion efficiency, biocompatibility, biodegradability, nonmutagenicity, and efficient renal clearance, as well as a low cost for synthesis. We exhibit a wide range of biomedical photonic applications of melanoidins, including in vivo photoacoustic mapping of sentinel lymph nodes, photoacoustic tracking of gastrointestinal tracts, photothermal cancer therapy, and photothermal lipolysis. The biodegradation rate and renal clearance of melanoidins are controllable by design. Our results confirm the feasibility of biodegradable melanoidins for various photonic applications to theranostic nanomedicines.
用于组织内局部热生成的光吸收纳米颗粒在诊断成像、手术和治疗等方面具有多种生物医学应用。尽管已经开发出了许多具有强光学吸收的等离子体和基于碳的纳米颗粒，但它们的清除率、潜在细胞毒性和长期安全性问题仍未得到解决。在这里，我们表明，由葡萄糖和氨基酸制备的“通常被认为是安全的 (GRAS)”类黑素具有高光热转换效率、生物相容性、可生物降解性、非致突变性和有效的肾脏清除率，以及低成本的合成。我们展示了类黑素在多种生物医学光子学应用中的广泛应用，包括用于前哨淋巴结的体内光声成像、胃肠道的光声跟踪、光热癌症治疗和光热脂肪分解。类黑素的生物降解率和肾脏清除率可以通过设计来控制。我们的结果证实了可生物降解的类黑素在各种光学生物医学应用到治疗性纳米医学的可行性。
