Růžička Jan, Qubaiová Jarin, Nishikawa Masaaki, Schneider Jan
Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, CZ-165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic.; Email:
Kashiwagaya 1112-16, Ebina, 243-0402 Japan.; Email:
Zootaxa. 2015 Sep 11;4013(4):451-502. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4013.4.1.
A taxonomic revision of the subgenus Calosilpha Portevin, 1920 (of the genus Necrophila Kirby & Spence, 1828) through Asia is presented. Four valid species are recognized: (1) Necrophila (C.) brunnicollis (Kraatz, 1877), widely distributed from Bhutan and China: Yunnan province to Far East of Russia and Japan (including Ryukyu Islands); (2) N. (C.) cyaneocephala (Portevin, 1914), endemic to Taiwan; (3) N. (C.) cyaniventris (Motschulsky, 1870), widely distributed from northern India to Vietnam and southern China (east to Hainan Island); and (4) N. (C.) ioptera (Kollar & Redtenbacher, 1844), comb. nov. (ex Calosilpha), widely distributed in Pakistan, India (Himachal Pradesh to Assam) and Nepal. Eusilpha (Calosilpha) bicolor imasakai Nishikawa, 1986 and Eusilpha (Calosilpha) kurosawai Nishikawa, 1986 are confirmed as junior subjective synonyms (sensu Cho & Lee 1995, Ji 2012) of Silpha brunnicollis Kraatz, 1877. Description of important adult taxonomic characters (including male genitalia) and a key to species is included. Georeferenced records for all four species are mapped. First reliable records of Necrophila (Calosilpha) brunnicollis from China: Hong Kong and Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jilin, Qinghai and Zheijiang provinces and Guangxi autonomous region; N. (C.) cyaniventris from India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Manipur; and N. (C.) ioptera from Pakistan, India: Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Sikkim, West Bengal and Assam are given (only imprecise records from "Himalaya" had been published for the last two species). First records of N. (C.) brunnicollis from Bhutan, and of N. (C.) cyaniventris from China: Hainan and Yunnan provinces, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia are given. Parsimony analysis supports the monophyly of Calosilpha, with two clades, one formed by N. (C.) brunnicollis and N. (C.) cyaneocephala and the other by N. (C.) cyaniventris and N. (C.) ioptera. Geometric morphometrics discriminated four taxa of Necrophila (Calosilpha). Results indicated a sexual dimorphism between sexes in all species. Shape variability was concluded between the taxa. Populations of N. (C.) brunnicollis from continental Asia and three regions of Japan (Honshu + Shikoku, Kyushu and Ryukyus) also were examined. MANOVA was significant and supported shape differences in male and female populations. When testing each pair of groups by discriminant analysis, only differences between male populations from Japan (Kyushu) and those from Japan (Honshu + Shikoku) showed insignificance.
本文对1920年波特万（Portevin）建立的Calosilpha亚属（隶属于1828年柯比与斯彭斯（Kirby & Spence）建立的Necrophila属）进行了分类修订，研究范围涵盖亚洲地区。确认了4个有效物种：（1）Necrophila (C.) brunnicollis（克拉茨，1877年），广泛分布于不丹和中国云南省，东至俄罗斯远东地区及日本（包括琉球群岛）；（2）N. (C.) cyaneocephala（波特万，1914年），为台湾特有种；（3）N. (C.) cyaniventris（莫氏，1870年），广泛分布于印度北部至越南及中国南部（东至海南岛）；（4）N. (C.) ioptera（科拉尔与雷滕巴赫，1844年），新组合（原属Calosilpha），广泛分布于巴基斯坦、印度（从喜马偕尔邦至阿萨姆邦）及尼泊尔。1986年西川（Nishikawa）描述的Eusilpha (Calosilpha) bicolor imasakai和Eusilpha (Calosilpha) kurosawai被确认为1877年克拉茨描述的Silpha brunnicollis的次主观同物异名（依据赵与李，1995年；季，2012年）。文中包含重要成虫分类特征（包括雄性生殖器）的描述及物种检索表。绘制了所有4个物种的地理参考记录分布图。给出了Necrophila (Calosilpha) brunnicollis在中国香港以及安徽、福建、甘肃、湖北、江西、吉林、青海、浙江等省份和广西自治区的首次可靠记录；N. (C.) cyaniventris在印度喜马偕尔邦、北阿坎德邦、梅加拉亚邦、阿鲁纳恰尔邦、那加兰邦和曼尼普尔邦的首次可靠记录；以及N. (C.) ioptera在巴基斯坦、印度北阿坎德邦、北方邦、比哈尔邦、锡金邦、西孟加拉邦和阿萨姆邦的首次可靠记录（此前仅公布过后两个物种来自“喜马拉雅地区”的不精确记录）。给出了Necrophila (Calosilpha) brunnicollis在不丹的首次记录，以及N. (C.) cyaniventris在中国海南和云南省份、缅甸、老挝和柬埔寨的首次记录。简约分析支持Calosilpha的单系性，形成两个分支，一个由N. (C.) brunnicollis和N. (C.) cyaneocephala组成，另一个由N. (C.) cyaniventris和N. (C.) ioptera组成。几何形态测量学区分了Necrophila (Calosilpha)的4个分类单元。结果表明所有物种均存在两性异形。各分类单元之间存在形态变异。还对亚洲大陆及日本三个地区（本州 + 四国、九州和琉球）的N. (C.) brunnicollis种群进行了研究。多变量方差分析具有显著性，支持雄性和雌性种群之间的形态差异。通过判别分析对各成对组进行检验时，仅日本九州雄性种群与日本本州 + 四国雄性种群之间的差异不显著。
