Perel'man V M, Buĭlov V M
Vestn Rentgenol Radiol. 1989 Mar-Apr(2):49-55.
The order of radio- and ultrasound diagnosis in the filling defects of the renal calyceal-pelvic systems, resulting from radionegative concrements, "vascular imprints", papillary tumors, and renal tumors affecting the calyceal-pelvic system, should be as follows: excretory urography, ultrasound scanning of the kidneys, retrograde pyelography with a double contrast study (a patient in a vertical posture), and angiography. Reliable diagnostic information obtained at the 1st or 2nd stages of investigation, permits the use of less invasive methods like excretory urography and ultrasound scanning. Retrograde pyelography with a double contrast study is recommended in a suspected pelvic papillary tumor. Angiography is indicated for suspected pathological vascular changes and for a planned operation.
对于由放射性阴性结石、“血管压迹”、乳头瘤以及累及肾盂肾盏系统的肾肿瘤所导致的肾盂肾盏系统充盈缺损，放射诊断和超声诊断的顺序如下：排泄性尿路造影、肾脏超声扫描、双重对比逆行肾盂造影（患者处于垂直体位）以及血管造影。在检查的第一或第二阶段获得的可靠诊断信息，允许使用侵入性较小的方法，如排泄性尿路造影和超声扫描。对于疑似肾盂乳头瘤，建议进行双重对比逆行肾盂造影。血管造影适用于疑似病理性血管改变以及计划进行手术的情况。
