Iyer Srikanth, Upadhyay Pramod Kumar, Majumdar Subeer S, Nagarajan Perumal
National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India.
J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2015 Sep;5(3):239-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2015.06.004. Epub 2015 Jul 9.
This review mainly elaborates on the animal models available for understanding the pathogenesis of the second hit of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involving immune system. This is known to be a step forward from simple steatosis caused during the first hit, which leads to the stage of inflammation followed by more serious liver conditions like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Immune-deficient animal models serve as an important tool for understanding the role of a specific cell type or a cytokine in the progression of NAFLD. These animal models can be used in combination with the already available animal models of NAFLD, including dietary models, as well as genetically modified mouse models. Advancements in molecular biological techniques enabled researchers to produce several new animal models for the study of NAFLD, including knockin, generalized knockout, and tissue-specific knockout mice. Development of NASH/NAFLD in various animal models having compromised immune system is discussed in this review.
本综述主要阐述了可用于理解涉及免疫系统的非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）二次打击发病机制的动物模型。众所周知，这是从首次打击期间引起的单纯脂肪变性向前迈出的一步，单纯脂肪变性会导致炎症阶段，进而发展为更严重的肝脏疾病，如非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）和肝硬化。免疫缺陷动物模型是理解特定细胞类型或细胞因子在NAFLD进展中作用的重要工具。这些动物模型可与现有的NAFLD动物模型（包括饮食模型以及基因改造小鼠模型）结合使用。分子生物学技术的进步使研究人员能够制备多种用于研究NAFLD的新动物模型，包括敲入小鼠、全身性敲除小鼠和组织特异性敲除小鼠。本综述讨论了免疫系统受损的各种动物模型中NASH/NAFLD的发展情况。
