Pieterse C, Schutte R, Schutte A E
Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2016 Jan;26(1):45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.10.014. Epub 2015 Nov 11.
Heightened cardiovascular reactivity and delayed recovery to stress are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Africans, who are more prone to develop hypertension, show greater cardiovascular reactivity to stress. However, causal factors underlying individual and ethnic differences in stress reactivity and recovery remain largely unexplored. Leptin, which is known for its sympatho-activating effects, is higher in Africans compared to Caucasians for any given body mass index. We compared how cardiovascular reactivity and recovery relate to leptin in African (n = 200) and Caucasian (n = 209) teachers.
We measured leptin in serum and cardiovascular baseline and reactivity continuously with the Finometer device during the cold pressor test for 1 min, and recovery at intervals of 1, 3 and 5 min. Africans had higher body mass index, leptin and blood pressure (all P < 0.001). After full adjustment in multiple regression analyses, associations were seen mainly at the 5 min recovery interval. In Africans, cardiac output reactivity (β = -0.335; P = 0.0018) and arterial compliance- (β = -0.241; P = 0.048) associated negatively and total peripheral resistance- (β = 0.227; P = 0.047) positively with leptin. In Caucasians, diastolic blood pressure correlated positively with leptin (β = 0.200; P = 0.015).
In Africans, higher circulating leptin levels associated with prolonged cardiovascular recovery after exposure to stress which could explain their increased vulnerability to hypertension development.
心血管反应性增强以及应激后恢复延迟与心血管疾病风险增加相关。更容易患高血压的非洲人对应激表现出更大的心血管反应性。然而，应激反应性和恢复的个体及种族差异背后的因果因素在很大程度上仍未得到探索。瘦素以其交感神经激活作用而闻名，在任何给定体重指数下，非洲人的瘦素水平都高于白种人。我们比较了非洲（n = 200）和白种（n = 209）教师的心血管反应性和恢复与瘦素之间的关系。
我们在冷加压试验1分钟期间使用Finometer设备连续测量血清瘦素、心血管基线和反应性，并在1、3和5分钟的间隔测量恢复情况。非洲人的体重指数、瘦素和血压更高（所有P < 0.001）。在多元回归分析进行全面调整后，主要在5分钟恢复间隔时观察到相关性。在非洲人中，心输出量反应性（β = -0.335；P = 0.0018）和动脉顺应性（β = -0.241；P = 0.048）与瘦素呈负相关，总外周阻力（β = 0.227；P = 0.047）与瘦素呈正相关。在白种人中，舒张压与瘦素呈正相关（β = 0.200；P = 0.015）。
在非洲人中，较高的循环瘦素水平与应激后心血管恢复延长相关，这可能解释了他们患高血压的易感性增加。
