Urinary tract infections in the pediatric patient.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be difficult to diagnose positively in the pediatric patient. The patient with such an infection, however, is at risk for subsequent morbidity such as recurrence, renal damage and hypertension. Accurate diagnosis in the very young child may require multiple urine specimens involving repeating bag specimens, catheterization, or suprapubic aspiration. Septic children and those with pyelonephritis must be hospitalized. Children younger than 6 years old need follow-up with radiographic studies to rule out reflux and congenital anomalies. The clinician plays a significant role in detecting possible UTIs, and providing patient education and support.