Molehin Adebayo J, Rojo Juan U, Siddiqui Sabrina Z, Gray Sean A, Carter Darrick, Siddiqui Afzal A
a Department of Internal Medicine , Texas Tech University School of Medicine , Lubbock , TX , USA.
b Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases , Texas Tech University School of Medicine , Lubbock , TX , USA.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2016 May;15(5):619-27. doi: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1131127. Epub 2016 Jan 13.
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) of public health importance. Despite decades of implementation of mass praziquantel therapy programs and other control measures, schistosomiasis has not been contained and continues to spread to new geographic areas. A schistosomiasis vaccine could play an important role as part of a multifaceted control approach. With regards to vaccine development, many biological bottlenecks still exist: the lack of reliable surrogates of protection in humans; immune interactions in co-infections with other diseases in endemic areas; the potential risk of IgE responses to antigens in endemic populations; and paucity of appropriate vaccine efficacy studies in nonhuman primate models. Research is also needed on the role of modern adjuvants targeting specific parts of the innate immune system to tailor a potent and protective immune response for lead schistosome vaccine candidates with the long-term aim to achieve curative worm reduction. This review summarizes the current status of schistosomiasis vaccine development.
血吸虫病是一种具有公共卫生重要性的被忽视的热带病。尽管数十年来实施了大规模吡喹酮治疗项目及其他控制措施，但血吸虫病仍未得到控制，且继续蔓延至新的地理区域。血吸虫病疫苗作为多方面控制方法的一部分可发挥重要作用。在疫苗研发方面，仍存在许多生物学瓶颈：缺乏人类可靠的保护替代指标；在流行地区与其他疾病合并感染时的免疫相互作用；流行人群中对抗原产生IgE反应的潜在风险；以及在非人类灵长类动物模型中缺乏适当的疫苗效力研究。还需要研究针对先天免疫系统特定部分的现代佐剂的作用，以便为主要的血吸虫病疫苗候选物定制强效且具有保护性的免疫反应，其长期目标是实现治愈性的蠕虫减少。本综述总结了血吸虫病疫苗研发的现状。
