Monash Water for Liveability, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
Monash Water for Liveability, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; URGC Hydrologie Urbaine, INSA Lyon, Bâtiment Coulomb, 34 avenue des Arts, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Feb 15;544:48-55. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.150. Epub 2015 Dec 2.
Stormwater harvesting biofilters need to be validated if the treatment is to be relied upon. Currently, full-scale challenge tests (FCTs), performed in the field, are required for their validation. This is impractical for stormwater biofilters because of their size and flow capacity. Hence, for these natural treatment systems, new tools are required as alternatives to FCT. This study describes a novel in-situ method that consists of a thin stainless steel column which can be inserted into constructed biofilters in a non-destructive manner. The in-situ columns (ISCs) were tested using a controlled field-scale biofilter where FCT is possible. Fluorescein was initially used for testing through a series of continuous applications. The results from the ISC were compared to FCT conducted under similar operational conditions. Excellent agreement was obtained for the series of continuous fluorescein experiments, demonstrating that the ISC was able to reproduce FCT results even after extended drying periods (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient between the two data sets was 0.83-0.88), with similar plateaus, flush peaks, slopes and treatment capacities. The ISCs were then tested for three herbicides: atrazine, simazine and prometryn. While the ISC herbicide data and the FCT data typically matched well, some differences observed were linked to the different climatic conditions during the ISC (winter) and FCT tests (summer). The work showed that ISC is a promising tool to study the field performance of biofilters and could be a potential alternative to full scale challenge tests for validation of stormwater biofilters when taking into account the same inherent boundary conditions.
如果要依赖处理效果，就需要对雨水采集生物滤池进行验证。目前，现场进行的全规模挑战测试（FCT）是验证的必要条件。对于雨水生物滤池来说，由于其体积大和流量大，这是不切实际的。因此，对于这些自然处理系统，需要新的工具作为 FCT 的替代方法。本研究描述了一种新的原位方法，该方法由一个薄的不锈钢柱组成，可以以非破坏性的方式插入到构建的生物滤池中。原位柱（ISC）在可以进行 FCT 的受控现场规模生物滤池中进行了测试。最初使用荧光素进行了一系列连续应用的测试。ISC 的结果与在相似操作条件下进行的 FCT 进行了比较。连续荧光素实验的结果非常吻合，表明 ISC 甚至在长时间干燥期后（两组数据集之间的纳什-苏特克里夫系数为 0.83-0.88）也能够重现 FCT 结果，具有相似的平台、冲洗峰值、斜率和处理能力。然后，ISC 对三种除草剂：莠去津、西玛津和扑灭津进行了测试。尽管 ISC 除草剂数据和 FCT 数据通常匹配良好，但观察到的一些差异与 ISC（冬季）和 FCT 测试（夏季）期间的不同气候条件有关。这项工作表明，ISC 是研究生物滤池现场性能的一种很有前途的工具，并且当考虑到相同的固有边界条件时，它可能成为雨水生物滤池验证的全规模挑战测试的潜在替代方法。
