葡萄酒的质子核磁共振光谱鉴别反映了几种不同葡萄（酿酒葡萄）品种的遗传同源性。
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Spectroscopic Discrimination of Wines Reflects Genetic Homology of Several Different Grape (V. vinifera L.) Cultivars.
作者信息
Hu Boran, Yue Yaqing, Zhu Yong, Wen Wen, Zhang Fengmin, Hardie Jim W
机构信息
College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
College of Tourism and Gastronomy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2015 Dec 11;10(12):e0142840. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142840. eCollection 2015.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy coupled multivariate analysis (1H NMR-PCA/PLS-DA) is an important tool for the discrimination of wine products. Although 1H NMR has been shown to discriminate wines of different cultivars, a grape genetic component of the discrimination has been inferred only from discrimination of cultivars of undefined genetic homology and in the presence of many confounding environmental factors. We aimed to confirm the influence of grape genotypes in the absence of those factors.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We applied 1H NMR-PCA/PLS-DA and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to wines from five, variously genetically-related grapevine (V. vinifera) cultivars; all grown similarly on the same site and vinified similarly. We also compared the semi-quantitative profiles of the discriminant metabolites of each cultivar with previously reported chemical analyses. The cultivars were clearly distinguishable and there was a general correlation between their grouping and their genetic homology as revealed by recent genomic studies. Between cultivars, the relative amounts of several of the cultivar-related discriminant metabolites conformed closely with reported chemical analyses.
CONCLUSIONS
Differences in grape-derived metabolites associated with genetic differences alone are a major source of 1H NMR-based discrimination of wines and 1H NMR has the capacity to discriminate between very closely related cultivars.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study confirms that genetic variation among grape cultivars alone can account for the discrimination of wine by 1H NMR-PCA/PLS and indicates that 1H NMR spectra of wine of single grape cultivars may in future be used in tandem with hierarchical cluster analysis to elucidate genetic lineages and metabolomic relations of grapevine cultivars. In the absence of genetic information, for example, where predecessor varieties are no longer extant, this may be a particularly useful approach.
背景与目的
质子核磁共振光谱联用多变量分析（1H NMR - PCA/PLS - DA）是鉴别葡萄酒产品的重要工具。尽管1H NMR已被证明能够区分不同品种的葡萄酒，但仅从对遗传同源性不明确的品种的鉴别以及存在许多混杂环境因素的情况下推断出了葡萄酒鉴别的葡萄遗传成分。我们旨在确定在不存在这些因素的情况下葡萄基因型的影响。
方法与结果
我们将1H NMR - PCA/PLS - DA和层次聚类分析（HCA）应用于来自五个遗传关系各异的葡萄（酿酒葡萄）品种的葡萄酒；所有葡萄都在同一地点以相似方式种植并以相似方式酿造。我们还将每个品种的判别代谢物的半定量谱与先前报道的化学分析进行了比较。这些品种能够清晰区分，并且正如最近的基因组研究所示，它们的分组与其遗传同源性之间存在普遍相关性。在不同品种之间，几种与品种相关的判别代谢物的相对含量与报道的化学分析结果密切相符。
结论
仅与遗传差异相关的葡萄衍生代谢物的差异是基于1H NMR鉴别葡萄酒的主要来源，并且1H NMR有能力区分非常相近的品种。
研究意义
该研究证实仅葡萄品种间的遗传变异就可以解释通过1H NMR - PCA/PLS对葡萄酒的鉴别，并表明单一葡萄品种葡萄酒的1H NMR光谱未来可能与层次聚类分析一起用于阐明葡萄品种的遗传谱系和代谢组学关系。例如，在没有遗传信息的情况下，即前代品种已不复存在时，这可能是一种特别有用的方法。
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