Viskić Marko, Bandić Luna Maslov, Korenika Ana-Marija Jagatić, Jeromel Ana
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Foods. 2021 Jan 8;10(1):120. doi: 10.3390/foods10010120.
NMR is a swift and highly reproducible spectrometric technique that makes it possible to obtain spectra containing a lot of information about the sample analyzed. This approach helps major components be described in complex mixtures such as wine in just one analysis. Analysis of wine metabolites is very often used to understand the impact of geographical origin or variety on wine quality. NMR is often used for tracing the geographical origin of wine. Research on NMR metabolic effects of geographical origin is of great importance as the high added value of wines results from compliance with state legislation on the protected denomination of origin (PDO) and protected geographical indication (PGI) for the administration of the appellation of wines. A review of NMR with emphasis on SNIF-NMR in the analysis of wine authenticity is given. SNIF-NMR remains a method of choice for the detection of wine chaptalization as it is the only approach which provides position-specific information on the origin of sugar in wine. However, the sample preparation step, which lacks major improvements since its conception, is strenuous and expensive, and suffers from drawbacks in terms of low sample throughput. Mainstream 1D and 2D NMR experiments provide a fast and affordable way to authenticate wine based on the geographical origin, vintage, and variety discrimination, and include a simple and non-destructive sample preparation step. With this approach, spectral data processing often represents a crucial step of the analysis. With properly performed NMR experiments good to excellent differentiation of wines from different vintages, regions, and varieties was achieved recently.
核磁共振（NMR）是一种快速且高度可重复的光谱技术，它能够获取包含大量有关被分析样品信息的光谱。这种方法有助于在一次分析中就描述复杂混合物（如葡萄酒）中的主要成分。葡萄酒代谢物分析常用于了解地理起源或品种对葡萄酒品质的影响。核磁共振常用于追溯葡萄酒的地理起源。由于葡萄酒的高附加值源于其符合国家关于葡萄酒产地保护命名（PDO）和受保护地理标志（PGI）的立法，因此关于地理起源的核磁共振代谢效应的研究具有重要意义。本文综述了核磁共振技术，重点介绍了其在葡萄酒真伪分析中的稳定同位素核磁共振（SNIF-NMR）技术。稳定同位素核磁共振仍然是检测葡萄酒加糖的首选方法，因为它是唯一能提供葡萄酒中糖分来源的位置特异性信息的方法。然而，自其诞生以来，样品制备步骤缺乏重大改进，操作繁琐且成本高昂，并且在样品通量低方面存在缺陷。主流的一维和二维核磁共振实验提供了一种基于地理起源、年份和品种鉴别来鉴定葡萄酒的快速且经济实惠的方法，并且包括一个简单且无损的样品制备步骤。采用这种方法时，光谱数据处理通常是分析的关键步骤。通过正确进行核磁共振实验，最近实现了对来自不同年份、地区和品种的葡萄酒的良好至优异的区分。
