Danelson Kerry A, Kemper Andrew R, Mason Matthew J, Tegtmeyer Michael, Swiatkowski Sean A, Bolte John H, Hardy Warren N
Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.
Virginia Tech, Center for Injury Biomechanics.
Stapp Car Crash J. 2015 Nov;59:445-520. doi: 10.4271/2015-22-0017.
A blast buck (Accelerative Loading Fixture, or ALF) was developed for studying underbody blast events in a laboratory-like setting. It was designed to provide a high-magnitude, high-rate, vertical loading environment for cadaver and dummy testing. It consists of a platform with a reinforcing cage that supports adjustable-height rigid seats for two crew positions. The platform has a heavy frame with a deformable floor insert. Fourteen tests were conducted using fourteen PMHS (post mortem human surrogates) and the Hybrid III ATD (Anthropomorphic Test Device). Tests were conducted at two charge levels: enhanced and mild. The surrogates were tested with and without PPE (Personal Protective Equipment), and in two different postures: nominal (knee angle of 90°) and obtuse (knee angle of 120°). The ALF reproduces damage in the PMHS commensurate with injuries experienced in theater, with the most common damage being to the pelvis and ankle. Load is transmitted through the surrogates in a caudal-to-cranial sequential fashion. Damage to the PMHS lower extremities begins within 2 ms after the initiation of foot/floor motion. The Hybrid III cannot assume the posture of the PMHS in rigid seats and exhibits a stiffer overall response compared to the PMHS. The ATD does not mimic the kinematic response of the PMHS lower extremities. Further, the Hybrid III does not have the capability to predict the potential for injury in the high-rate, vertical loading environment. A new ATD dedicated to under-body blast is needed to assist in the effort to mitigate injuries sustained by the mounted soldier.
一种爆炸冲击台（加速加载装置，或ALF）被开发用于在类似实验室的环境中研究车底爆炸事件。它旨在为尸体和假人测试提供高幅度、高速率的垂直加载环境。它由一个带有加固笼的平台组成，该平台支撑着两个乘员位置的可调节高度的刚性座椅。平台有一个重型框架和一个可变形的地板插入件。使用14具尸体（死后人体替代物）和混合III型人体模型（Anthropomorphic Test Device）进行了14次测试。测试在两个装药水平下进行：增强型和轻度型。替代物在有和没有个人防护装备（PPE）的情况下进行测试，并处于两种不同姿势：标准姿势（膝盖角度为90°）和钝角姿势（膝盖角度为120°）。ALF在尸体上造成的损伤与战场上所经历的损伤相当，最常见的损伤部位是骨盆和脚踝。载荷以从尾端到头部的顺序方式通过替代物传递。尸体下肢的损伤在足部/地板运动开始后2毫秒内开始。混合III型人体模型在刚性座椅中无法呈现尸体的姿势，并且与尸体相比表现出更硬的整体反应。人体模型不能模拟尸体下肢的运动学反应。此外，混合III型人体模型没有能力预测在高速率垂直加载环境中的受伤可能性。需要一种专门用于车底爆炸的新型人体模型来协助减轻乘车士兵所遭受的损伤。
