Praz Caroline, Granges Mélanie, Burtin Céline, Kayser Bengt
Institute of Sports Sciences and Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne and Institute for Research in Rehabilitation, SuvaCare Rehabilitation Clinic, Sion, Switzerland.
Nutrition and Dietetics Department, School of Health, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2015 Dec 9;12:46. doi: 10.1186/s12970-015-0108-5. eCollection 2015.
Endurance athletes are advised to optimize nutrition prior to races. Little is known about actual athletes' beliefs, knowledge and nutritional behaviour. We monitored nutritional behaviour of amateur ski-mountaineering athletes during 4 days prior to a major competition to compare it with official recommendations and with the athletes' beliefs.
Participants to the two routes of the 'Patrouille des Glaciers' were recruited (A, 26 km, ascent 1881 m, descent 2341 m, max altitude 3160 m; Z, 53 km, ascent 3994 m, descent 4090 m, max altitude 3650 m). Dietary intake diaries of 40 athletes (21 A, 19 Z) were analysed for energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein and liquid; ten were interviewed about their pre-race nutritional beliefs and behaviour.
Despite belief that pre-race carbohydrate, energy and fluid intake should be increased, energy consumption was 2416 ± 696 (mean ± SD) kcal · day(-1), 83 ± 17% of recommended intake, carbohydrate intake was only 46 ± 13% of minimal recommended (10 g · kg(-1) · day(-1)) and fluid intake only 2.7 ± 1.0 l · day(-1).
Our sample of endurance athletes did not comply with pre-race nutritional recommendations despite elementary knowledge and belief to be compliant. In these athletes a clear and reflective nutritional strategy was lacking. This suggests a potential for improving knowledge and compliance with recommendations. Alternatively, some recommendations may be unrealistic.
耐力运动员被建议在比赛前优化营养。对于实际运动员的信念、知识和营养行为知之甚少。我们监测了业余滑雪登山运动员在一场重大比赛前4天的营养行为，以将其与官方建议以及运动员的信念进行比较。
招募了参加“冰川巡逻赛”两条路线的参与者（A路线，26公里，爬升1881米，下降2341米，最高海拔3160米；Z路线，53公里，爬升3994米，下降4090米，最高海拔3650米）。分析了40名运动员（21名参加A路线，19名参加Z路线）的饮食摄入日记中的能量、碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质和液体摄入量；对其中10名运动员就其赛前营养信念和行为进行了访谈。
尽管运动员认为赛前应增加碳水化合物、能量和液体摄入，但能量消耗为2416±696（均值±标准差）千卡·天⁻¹，为推荐摄入量的83±17%，碳水化合物摄入量仅为最低推荐量（10克·千克⁻¹·天⁻¹）的46±13%，液体摄入量仅为2.7±1.0升·天⁻¹。
我们的耐力运动员样本尽管具备基本的知识且有遵循建议的信念，但并未遵循赛前营养建议。这些运动员缺乏清晰且经过思考的营养策略。这表明在提高知识水平和遵循建议方面存在潜力。或者，一些建议可能不切实际。
