Wiens Kristin, Erdman Kelly Anne, Stadnyk Megan, Parnell Jill A
Dept. of Physical Education and Recreation Studies, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2014 Dec;24(6):613-22. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0087. Epub 2014 Mar 25.
To evaluate dietary supplement use in young Canadian athletes, their motivation for consuming supplements, and their sources of information.
A questionnaire tested for content validity and reliability was administered to 567 athletes between the ages of 11 and 25 years from the Canadian athletic community in face-to-face meetings. Demographics and sport variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Fisher's exact tests were used to examine dietary supplementation patterns and sources of information regarding dietary supplement use between categories of gender, age, sport type, and competition level.
Ninety-eight percent of athletes were taking at least one dietary supplement. Males were more likely to consume protein powder, energy drinks, recovery drinks, branched chain amino acids, beta-alanine, and glutamine (p < .01); supplements typically associated with increased muscle mass. Athletes 11-17 years old focused on vitamin and mineral supplements; whereas, athletes 18-25 years old focused on purported ergogenic supplements. Strength training athletes were more likely to consume creatine, glutamine, and protein powders (p < .02). Reasons for supplement use included to stay healthy, increase energy, immune system, recovery, and overall performance. Primary sources of information were family and friends, coaches, and athletic trainers; with 48% of athletes having met with a dietitian. Preferred means of education included individual consultations, presentations, and the internet.
The majority of young athletes are using dietary supplements with the belief they will improve performance and health; however, may not always have reliable information. Educational programs using individual consultations and electronic media are recommended for this demographic.
评估加拿大年轻运动员使用膳食补充剂的情况、他们服用补充剂的动机以及信息来源。
对来自加拿大体育界的567名11至25岁的运动员进行了面对面问卷调查，该问卷经过内容效度和信度测试。使用描述性统计分析人口统计学和运动变量。采用Fisher精确检验来研究不同性别、年龄、运动类型和比赛水平类别之间的膳食补充模式以及膳食补充剂使用的信息来源。
98%的运动员至少服用一种膳食补充剂。男性更有可能食用蛋白粉、能量饮料、恢复饮料、支链氨基酸、β-丙氨酸和谷氨酰胺（p < 0.01）；这些补充剂通常与增加肌肉量有关。11至17岁的运动员专注于维生素和矿物质补充剂；而18至25岁的运动员则专注于所谓的提高运动能力的补充剂。力量训练运动员更有可能食用肌酸、谷氨酰胺和蛋白粉（p < 0.02）。服用补充剂的原因包括保持健康、增加能量、增强免疫系统、促进恢复和提高整体表现。主要信息来源是家人和朋友、教练以及运动训练师；48%的运动员咨询过营养师。首选的教育方式包括个人咨询、讲座和互联网。
大多数年轻运动员使用膳食补充剂是相信它们能提高成绩和健康水平；然而，他们可能并不总是拥有可靠的信息。建议针对这一人群开展采用个人咨询和电子媒体的教育项目。
