Batra A, Petersen K U, Hoch E, Mann K, Kröger C, Schweizer C, Jähne A, Rüther T, Thürauf N, Mühlig S
Sektion Suchtforschung und Suchttherapie, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Calwer Str. 14, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.
Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2016 Jan;87(1):35-45. doi: 10.1007/s00115-015-0037-1.
Tobacco consumption is one of the major preventable health risk factors. In Germany approximately 110,000 people prematurely die from tobacco-related diseases and approximately 50% of regular smokers are considered to be tobacco dependent. Nevertheless, motivation to quit smoking is low and the long-term abstinence rates after attempts to stop smoking without professional support are far below 10%. As part of the S3 treatment guidelines 78 recommendations for motivation and early interventions for smokers unwilling to quit as well as psychotherapeutic and pharmacological support for smokers willing to quit were formulated after an systematic search of the current literature. More than 50 professional associations adopted the recommendations and background information in a complex certification process. In this article the scientific evidence base regarding the psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment options as well as recommendations and further information about indications and treatment implementation are presented. By following these guidelines for treatment of heavy smokers who are willing to quit combined with individual and group therapies on the basis of behavioral treatment strategies and pharmacological support, long-term success rates of almost 30% can be achieved.
烟草消费是主要的可预防健康风险因素之一。在德国,约11万人过早死于与烟草相关的疾病,约50%的经常吸烟者被认为对烟草有依赖。然而,戒烟的动力很低,在没有专业支持的情况下尝试戒烟后的长期戒烟率远低于10%。作为S3治疗指南的一部分,在对当前文献进行系统检索后,制定了78条针对不愿戒烟的吸烟者的动机和早期干预建议,以及针对愿意戒烟的吸烟者的心理治疗和药物支持建议。50多个专业协会在一个复杂的认证过程中采纳了这些建议和背景信息。本文介绍了心理治疗和药物治疗选择的科学证据基础,以及关于适应症和治疗实施的建议及更多信息。通过遵循这些针对愿意戒烟的重度吸烟者的治疗指南,并结合基于行为治疗策略和药物支持的个体和团体治疗,可实现近30%的长期成功率。