Zhou Yuehui, Feng Wenxia, Guo Yugang, Wu Juhua
School of Sport Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China.
School of Physical Education, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan, China.
Front Physiol. 2023 Aug 8;14:1221898. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1221898. eCollection 2023.
Exercise has emerged as an effective approach to promote individual health and has shown potential in aiding smoking cessation. However, the specific benefits of exercise in smoking cessation remain unclear, and conflicting findings across studies may be attributed to variations in study populations and intervention characteristics. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of exercise interventions on tobacco dependence in smokers and assess the effectiveness of exercise in facilitating smoking cessation. A comprehensive search was performed in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Scopus to identify relevant randomized controlled trials published before 30 October 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed during the review process. The quality of evidence (QoE) was assessed with GRADE (grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluations) methodology. Acute exercise was found to significantly reduce smoking cravings [MD = -1.84, 95% CI (-2.92, -0.76), < 0.001; SMD = -1.64, 95% CI (-2.22, -1.05), < 0.001] and alleviate most withdrawal symptoms in smokers. However, there was no significant difference in the smoking cessation rate between the exercise group and the control group ( > 0.05). Exercise was associated with increased positive mood [SMD = 0.36, 95% CI (0.14, 0.58), = 0.001] and reduced negative mood in smokers [SMD = -0.26, 95% CI (-0.39, -0.12), < 0.001]. Acute exercise interventions effectively reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms in smokers. However, long-term exercise interventions do not significantly improve the smoking cessation rate. Exercise can help reduce negative mood and enhance positive mood in smokers. Smokers with high levels of tobacco dependence may derive less benefit from exercise. Factors such as literature quality, exercise intervention characteristics, and exercise adherence may influence the effectiveness of interventions. This research protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/). Registration number: CRD42022326109.
运动已成为促进个人健康的有效方法，并在辅助戒烟方面显示出潜力。然而，运动在戒烟方面的具体益处仍不明确，不同研究结果相互矛盾，这可能归因于研究人群和干预特征的差异。本研究旨在进行一项荟萃分析，以评估运动干预对吸烟者烟草依赖的影响，并评估运动在促进戒烟方面的有效性。在包括PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane图书馆和Scopus在内的数据库中进行了全面检索，以识别2022年10月30日前发表的相关随机对照试验。在审查过程中遵循了系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南。采用GRADE（推荐分级、评估、制定和评价）方法评估证据质量（QoE）。发现急性运动能显著降低吸烟渴望[MD = -1.84，95%CI（-2.92，-0.76），<0.001；SMD = -1.64，95%CI（-2.22，-1.05），<0.001]，并减轻吸烟者的大多数戒断症状。然而，运动组和对照组的戒烟率没有显著差异（>0.05）。运动与吸烟者积极情绪增加[SMD = 0.36，95%CI（0.14，0.58），=0.001]和消极情绪减少[SMD = -0.26，95%CI（-0.39，-0.12），<0.001]相关。急性运动干预可有效降低吸烟者的渴望和戒断症状。然而，长期运动干预并不能显著提高戒烟率。运动有助于减少吸烟者的消极情绪并增强积极情绪。烟草依赖程度高的吸烟者可能从运动中获得的益处较少。文献质量、运动干预特征和运动依从性等因素可能会影响干预效果。本研究方案已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册库（PROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/）注册。注册号：CRD42022326109。
