Horticultural Sciences Department and.
Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439; email:
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2016 Apr 29;67:131-52. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111648. Epub 2015 Nov 19.
It is increasingly clear that (a) many metabolites undergo spontaneous or enzyme-catalyzed side reactions in vivo, (b) the damaged metabolites formed by these reactions can be harmful, and (c) organisms have biochemical systems that limit the buildup of damaged metabolites. These damage-control systems either return a damaged molecule to its pristine state (metabolite repair) or convert harmful molecules to harmless ones (damage preemption). Because all organisms share a core set of metabolites that suffer the same chemical and enzymatic damage reactions, certain damage-control systems are widely conserved across the kingdoms of life. Relatively few damage reactions and damage-control systems are well known. Uncovering new damage reactions and identifying the corresponding damaged metabolites, damage-control genes, and enzymes demands a coordinated mix of chemistry, metabolomics, cheminformatics, biochemistry, and comparative genomics. This review illustrates the above points using examples from plants, which are at least as prone to metabolite damage as other organisms.
(a) 许多代谢物在体内会自发或酶促地发生副反应；(b) 这些反应形成的受损代谢物可能是有害的；(c) 生物体拥有生化系统来限制受损代谢物的积累。这些损伤控制系统要么将受损分子恢复到原始状态（代谢物修复），要么将有害分子转化为无害分子（损伤前馈）。由于所有生物体都共享一套核心代谢物，这些代谢物会遭受相同的化学和酶促损伤反应，因此某些损伤控制系统在生命王国中广泛保守。相对较少的损伤反应和损伤控制系统广为人知。揭示新的损伤反应，并确定相应的受损代谢物、损伤控制基因和酶，需要化学、代谢组学、化学信息学、生物化学和比较基因组学的协调组合。本综述使用来自植物的例子说明了上述观点，植物与其他生物体一样容易受到代谢物损伤。
