Janssens Heidi, Clays Els, de Clercq Bart, de Bacquer Dirk, Casini Annalisa, Kittel France, Braeckman Lutgart
Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (Department of Public Health, University Hospital Block K3(4)).
Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium (Research Centre Social Approaches of Health, School of Public Health).
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2016;29(2):331-44. doi: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00588.
This study aimed at investigating cross-sectional relationships between psychosocial characteristics of work and presenteeism in a sample of Belgian middle-aged workers.
Data were collected from 1372 male and 1611 female workers in the Belstress III study. Psychosocial characteristics assessed by the use of self-administered questionnaires were: job demands, job control, social support, efforts, rewards, bullying, home-to-work conflict and work-to-home conflict. Presenteeism was measured using a single item question, and it was defined as going to work despite illness at least 2 times in the preceding year. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between psychosocial characteristics and presenteeism, while adjusting for several socio-demographic, health-related variables and neuroticism. An additional analysis in a subgroup of workers with good self-rated health and low neuroticism was conducted.
The prevalence of presenteeism was 50.6%. Overall results, adjusted for major confounders, revealed that high job demands, high efforts, low support and low rewards were associated with presenteeism. Furthermore, a significant association could be observed for both bullying and work-to-home conflict in relation to presenteeism. The subgroup analysis on a selection of workers with good self-rated health and low neuroticism generally confirmed these results.
Both job content related factors as well as work contextual psychosocial factors were significantly related to presenteeism. These results suggest that presenteeism is not purely driven by the health status of a worker, but that psychosocial work characteristics also play a role.
本研究旨在调查比利时中年工人样本中工作的社会心理特征与出勤主义之间的横断面关系。
数据来自Belstress III研究中的1372名男性和1611名女性工人。通过自我管理问卷评估的社会心理特征包括：工作要求、工作控制、社会支持、努力程度、回报、欺凌、工作与家庭冲突以及家庭与工作冲突。出勤主义通过一个单项问题进行测量，其定义为在前一年中尽管生病仍至少上班2次。使用逻辑回归模型来研究社会心理特征与出勤主义之间的关系，同时对几个社会人口学、健康相关变量和神经质进行了调整。对自我健康评分良好且神经质较低的工人亚组进行了额外分析。
出勤主义的患病率为50.6%。在对主要混杂因素进行调整后的总体结果显示，高工作要求、高努力程度、低支持和低回报与出勤主义有关。此外，在欺凌和工作与家庭冲突方面与出勤主义之间也观察到了显著关联。对自我健康评分良好且神经质较低的部分工人进行的亚组分析总体上证实了这些结果。
与工作内容相关的因素以及工作环境中的社会心理因素均与出勤主义显著相关。这些结果表明，出勤主义并非纯粹由工人的健康状况驱动，社会心理工作特征也起到了作用。
