a Phytopathology , Technische Universität München , Freising , Germany.
b Analytical Food Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Freising , Germany.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2016;33(3):489-99. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1133932. Epub 2016 Jan 29.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of small cereals is a disease of global importance with regard to economic losses and mycotoxin contamination harmful to human and animal health. In Germany, FHB is predominantly associated with wheat and F. graminearum is recognised as the major causal agent of the disease, but little is known about FHB of barley. Monitoring of the natural occurrence of FHB on Bavarian barley revealed differences for individual Fusarium spp. in incidence and severity of grain infection between years and between spring and winter barley. Parallel measurement of fungal DNA content in grain and mycotoxin content suggested the importance of F. graminearum in winter barley and of F. langsethiae in spring barley for FHB. The infection success of these two species was associated with certain weather conditions and barley flowering time. Inoculation experiments in the field revealed different effects of five Fusarium spp. on symptom formation, grain yield and mycotoxin production. A significant association between fungal infection of grain and mycotoxin content was observed following natural or artificial infection with the type B trichothecene producer F. culmorum, but not with the type A trichothecene-producing species F. langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides. Trichothecene type A toxin contamination also occurred in the absence of significant damage to grain and did not necessarily promote fungal colonisation.
小麦赤霉病（FHB）是一种全球性的重要疾病，它会导致经济损失和真菌毒素污染，从而危害人类和动物的健康。在德国，FHB 主要与小麦有关，禾谷镰刀菌被认为是该病的主要病原体，但对大麦赤霉病知之甚少。对巴伐利亚大麦中 FHB 自然发生情况的监测表明，在不同年份和春播大麦与冬播大麦之间，个别镰刀菌的发病率和严重程度存在差异。对谷物中真菌 DNA 含量和真菌毒素含量的平行测量表明，禾谷镰刀菌在冬播大麦中，以及长蠕孢菌在春播大麦中对 FHB 很重要。这两个物种的侵染成功率与某些天气条件和大麦开花时间有关。田间接种实验表明，五种镰刀菌对症状形成、谷物产量和真菌毒素产生有不同的影响。在自然或人工接种 B 型单端孢霉烯类毒素产生菌禾谷镰刀菌后，观察到谷物真菌感染与真菌毒素含量之间存在显著关联，但在 A 型单端孢霉烯类毒素产生菌长蠕孢菌和旋孢腔菌中未观察到这种关联。即使在谷物没有明显损伤的情况下，A 型真菌毒素也会污染，而且不一定会促进真菌定殖。
