Hanson J M, Tengvall K, Bonnett B N, Hedhammar Å
Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
J Vet Intern Med. 2016 Jan-Feb;30(1):76-84. doi: 10.1111/jvim.13815. Epub 2015 Dec 18.
Naturally occurring adrenocortical insufficiency (NOAI) in dogs is considered an uncommon disease with good prognosis with hormonal replacement treatment. However, there are no epidemiological studies with estimates for the general dog population.
To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of NOAI in a large population of insured dogs.
Data were derived from 525,028 client-owned dogs insured by a Swedish insurance company representing 2,364,652 dog-years at risk (DYAR) during the period between 1995-2006.
Retrospective cohort study. Incidence rates, prevalences, and relative risks for dogs with NOAI (AI with no previous claim for hypercortisolism), were calculated for the whole dog population, and for subgroups divided by breed and sex. Mortality rates were calculated and compared in dogs with NOAI and the remaining dogs overall.
In total 534 dogs were identified with NOAI. The overall incidence was 2.3 cases per 10,000 DYAR. The relative risk of disease was significantly higher in the Portuguese Water Dog, Standard Poodle, Bearded Collie, Cairn Terrier, and Cocker Spaniel compared with other breeds combined. Female dogs overall were at higher risk of developing AI than male dogs (RR 1.85; 95% CI, 1.55-2.22; P < .001). The relative risk of death was 1.9 times higher in dogs with NOAI than in dogs overall.
The data supports the existence of breed-specific differences in incidence rates of NOAI in dogs.
犬类自然发生的肾上腺皮质功能不全（NOAI）被认为是一种罕见疾病，通过激素替代治疗预后良好。然而，目前尚无针对一般犬类群体的流行病学研究及相关估计。
调查大量参保犬中NOAI的流行病学特征。
数据来源于一家瑞典保险公司承保的525,028只客户拥有的犬，代表了1995年至2006年期间2,364,652个犬年的风险（DYAR）。
回顾性队列研究。计算了整个犬类群体以及按品种和性别划分的亚组中患有NOAI（既往无高皮质醇血症索赔的肾上腺皮质功能不全）的犬的发病率、患病率和相对风险。计算并比较了患有NOAI的犬和其余犬的总体死亡率。
总共鉴定出534只患有NOAI的犬。总体发病率为每10,000 DYAR 2.3例。与其他品种组合相比，葡萄牙水犬、标准贵宾犬、边境牧羊犬、凯恩梗和可卡犬患该病的相对风险显著更高。总体而言，雌性犬患肾上腺皮质功能不全的风险高于雄性犬（RR 1.85；95% CI，1.55 - 2.22；P <.001）。患有NOAI的犬的相对死亡风险比总体犬高1.9倍。
数据支持犬类中NOAI发病率存在品种特异性差异。
