Li Shu-yan, Wang Yu-xiang, Hu Cheng-da, Yan Ying
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2015 Aug;26(8):2405-13.
Surveying data for wind lodging disaster happening in Nanyang of Henan Province in August 1, 2013, were used to analyze the effects of strong wind lodging at pre- and post-tasseling stages on growth and yield of summer maize, and to determine the differences in lodging resistance among varieties and the suitable sowing time for summer maize. The survey included two varieties of summer maize, Xundan 20 and Zhengdan 958, with five and three sowing dates, respectively. The lodging was divided into four types, i.e., root slope ( RS) , root lodging ( RL) , stem bending (SB) and stem broken (SBK). The results showed that wind lodging occurring at pre- and post-tasseling stages resulted in high lodging percentages for both varieties and all sowing dates. The lodging percentage of Xundan 20 variety ranged between 86.0% and 98.5% for five sowing dates. For Zhengdan 958 variety, it ranged between 60.0% and 76.4% for three sowing dates. After tasseling, the earlier the sowing date, the lower the lodging rate occurred. The main lodging types happening around the tasseling stage were RL with the lodging rate of 53.0%-84.3% for sowing dates II-V of Xundan 20. The main lodging type for sowing date I was SB with the lodging rate of 37.5%. Lodging reduced the aboveground dry matter with the greatest reduction rate occurring in SB, followed by RS and RL. Lodging increased the allocation of dry matter to leaves and stems, but decreased the allocation to spikes. RL and SB shortened the length and diameter of spike, and reduced the grain number per spike. The lodging occurring after the tasseling stage also reduced 100-grain mass. RS had no significant effects on spike characters and yield components. The lodging had serious effects on the yield of summer maize. The yield loss was highest for SB with the reduction percentages of 74.2% and 68.7% for Xundan 20 and Zhengdan 958, respectively. SB occurring before the tasseling stage would lead to a complete crop failure. RL decreased the average yield by 46.3% and 46.5% for Xundan 20 and Zhengdan 958, respectively. RS decreased the averaged yield by 8.4% and 13.2% for Xundan 20 and Zhengdan 958, respectively. The mean yields of Xundan 20 and Zhengdan 958 were 4959.9 and 6026.1 kg · hm(-2) after the wind lodging, respectively. The later the sowing date, the higher the yield loss rate was observed for Xundan 20, however, there were no significant difference in yield loss among different sowing dates of Zhengdan 958. In general, Zhengdan 958 had stronger lodging resistance than Xundan 20.
利用2013年8月1日河南省南阳市发生风灾倒伏的调查数据，分析抽雄前后强风倒伏对夏玉米生长和产量的影响，确定品种间抗倒伏性差异以及夏玉米适宜播种期。该调查包括两个夏玉米品种，分别为浚单20和郑单958，播种期分别为5个和3个。倒伏分为4种类型，即根倾斜（RS）、根倒伏（RL）、茎弯曲（SB）和茎折断（SBK）。结果表明，抽雄前后发生的风灾倒伏导致两个品种和所有播种期的倒伏率都很高。浚单20品种5个播种期的倒伏率在86.0%至98.5%之间。郑单958品种3个播种期的倒伏率在60.0%至76.4%之间。抽雄后，播种期越早，倒伏率越低。抽雄期前后主要的倒伏类型是RL，浚单20播种期II - V的倒伏率为53.0% - 84.3%。播种期I的主要倒伏类型是SB，倒伏率为37.5%。倒伏减少了地上部干物质，减少率最大的是SB，其次是RS和RL。倒伏增加了干物质向叶片和茎的分配，但减少了向穗部的分配。RL和SB缩短了穗长和穗粗，减少了每穗粒数。抽雄期后发生的倒伏也降低了百粒重。RS对穗部性状和产量构成因素无显著影响。倒伏对夏玉米产量有严重影响。SB造成的产量损失最高，浚单20和郑单958的减产率分别为74.2%和68.7%。抽雄前发生SB会导致绝收。RL使浚单20和郑单958的平均产量分别降低46.3%和46.5%。RS使浚单20和郑单958的平均产量分别降低8.4%和13.2%。风灾倒伏后，浚单20和郑单958的平均产量分别为4959.9和6026.1 kg·hm(-2)。浚单20播种期越晚，产量损失率越高，然而郑单958不同播种期之间的产量损失没有显著差异。总体而言，郑单958的抗倒伏性比浚单20强。
