Tan Mei-xiu, Wang Jing, Yu Wei-dong, He Di, Wang Na, Dai Tong, Sun Yan, Tang Jian-zhao, Chang Qing
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2015 Dec;26(12):3670-8.
Sowing date is one of the vital factors for determining crop yield. In this study, temporal and spatial variation of optimal sowing date of summer maize was analyzed by statistical model and the APSIM-Maize model in Henan Province, China. The results showed that average summer maize optimal sowing dates ranged from May 30 to June 13 across Henan Province with earlier sowing before June 8 in the southern part and later sowing from June 4 to June 13 in the northern part. The optimal sowing date in mountain area of western Henan Province should be around May 30. Late-maturing variety Nongda 108 should be planted at least two days earlier than middle-maturing variety Danyu 13. Under climate warming background, maize sowing should be postponed for at least 3 days if maize harvesting date could be delayed for a week. It was proposed that sowing should be delayed for about a week for a yearly less precipitation pattern while advanced for about a week for a yearly more precipitation pattern compared to the normal one. Across Henan Province, the optimal sowing dates of summer maize showed no significant change trend in 1971-2010, while the potential sowing period had been extended for some regions, such as south from Zhumadian, Yichuan, Nei-xiang and Nanyang in the middle part of Henan, Linzhou in the northern Henan and Sanmenxia in the western Henan, as a result from advanced maturity of winter wheat due to increasing temperature and winter wheat cultivar change. Optimal sowing dates at 76.7% of the study stations showed no significant difference between the two methods. It was recommended that the northern Henan should sow maize immediately after any rainfall and replant afterward, while the southern Henan should not sow maize until that there were valid precipitation (3.9 mm and 8.3 mm for upper south and south parts, respectively) during sowing period, both required enough precipitation during key water requirement period and optimal temperature during grain-filling period.
播种期是决定作物产量的关键因素之一。本研究利用统计模型和APSIM - 玉米模型，分析了中国河南省夏玉米最佳播种期的时空变化。结果表明，河南省夏玉米最佳播种期平均在5月30日至6月13日之间，南部6月8日前播种较早，北部6月4日至6月13日播种较晚。豫西山区最佳播种期应在5月30日左右。晚熟品种农大108应比中熟品种丹玉13至少早播两天。在气候变暖背景下，如果玉米收获期能推迟一周，玉米播种应至少推迟3天。建议与常年相比，年降水量偏少的年份播种应推迟约一周，年降水量偏多的年份播种应提前约一周。在河南省，1971 - 2010年夏玉米最佳播种期无显著变化趋势，但部分地区潜在播种期有所延长，如豫中驻马店以南、伊川、内乡和南阳，豫北林州以及豫西三门峡，这是由于气温升高导致冬小麦早熟和冬小麦品种变化的结果。76.7%的研究站点两种方法得出的最佳播种期无显著差异。建议豫北在降雨后立即播种玉米，之后再补种；豫南在播种期有有效降水（豫南上部和南部分别为3.9毫米和8.3毫米）时才播种玉米，两者在关键需水期都需要充足降水，灌浆期需要适宜温度。
