Christiansen Paul, Rose Abigail, Randall-Smith Laura, Hardman Charlotte A
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool.
Health Psychol. 2016 May;35(5):518-22. doi: 10.1037/hea0000320. Epub 2015 Dec 21.
There is a strong association between alcohol misuse and excess weight. Although alcohol is highly calorific and may directly contribute to weight gain, it is also likely to have indirect effects on weight. Indeed, alcohol primes have been found to stimulate appetite and increase energy intake in experimental taste tests. The current study investigated whether the effects of alcohol on energy intake are the result of inhibitory control impairments and whether this effect is moderated by individual differences in dietary restraint.
Sixty undergraduate females completed measures of dietary restraint and the Food Craving Questionnaire-State (FCQS). Following this, they were given an alcohol prime (0.6 g of alcohol per kg of body weight) or a placebo drink manipulated to smell and taste alcoholic. Participants then completed another FCQS and a color conflict Stroop to measure inhibitory control. Finally, participants were asked to taste cookies for 15 minutes.
Participants in the alcohol condition performed worse on the Stroop (d = .61) and consumed more cookie calories (d = .61) than participants in the placebo condition. Notably, the effect of the experimental condition on the amount of cookies consumed was mediated by Stroop performance (Κ2 = .08), although this effect was not evident under high levels of restraint. There was no effect of experimental condition on any subscale of craving.
The current study suggests that increased energy intake after alcohol administration may be the product of inhibitory control impairments. However, the most restrained eaters are able to maintain control over their eating behavior.
酒精滥用与超重之间存在密切关联。尽管酒精热量很高且可能直接导致体重增加，但它也可能对体重产生间接影响。事实上，在实验性味觉测试中，已发现酒精启动刺激食欲并增加能量摄入。本研究调查了酒精对能量摄入的影响是否是抑制控制受损的结果，以及这种影响是否会因饮食节制的个体差异而有所缓和。
60名本科女性完成了饮食节制测量和食物渴望问卷 - 状态版（FCQS）。在此之后，她们被给予酒精启动剂（每公斤体重0.6克酒精）或经调配闻起来和尝起来像酒精的安慰剂饮料。参与者随后完成另一项FCQS和一项颜色冲突斯特鲁普测试以测量抑制控制。最后，要求参与者品尝饼干15分钟。
与安慰剂组的参与者相比，酒精组的参与者在斯特鲁普测试中的表现更差（d = 0.61），并且消耗了更多的饼干热量（d = 0.61）。值得注意的是，实验条件对所食用饼干量的影响是由斯特鲁普测试表现介导的（Κ2 = 0.08），尽管在高度节制的情况下这种影响并不明显。实验条件对渴望的任何子量表均无影响。
当前研究表明，饮酒后能量摄入增加可能是抑制控制受损的结果。然而，最有节制的进食者能够保持对其饮食行为的控制。
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