Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Psychological Research, University of Costa Rica, San José 10501-2060, Costa Rica.
Departament of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 13;18(24):13130. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413130.
Alcohol consumption is a modifiable risk factor for non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to characterize alcohol consumers at the nutritional, anthropometric, and sociodemographic levels. Data from 9218 participants from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela participating in "Latin American Health and Nutrition Study (ELANS)", a multi-country, population-based study, were used. Dietary intake was collected through two, 24 h recalls. Participants were classified into consumers ( = 1073) and non-alcohol consumers ( = 8145) using a cut-off criterium of ≥15 g/day of alcohol consumption calculated from the estimation of their usual daily intake. Among alcohol consumers, the mean alcohol consumption was 69.22 ± 2.18 grams (4.6. beverages/day), contributing to 484.62 kcal, which corresponded to 16.86% of the total energy intake. We found that the risk of alcohol consumption was higher in young and middle-aged men from low and middle socioeconomic status. Argentine, Brazil, and Chile had the highest percentage of consumers, while Ecuador showed the highest alcohol consumption. Alcohol drinkers were characterized by having higher body weight and wider neck, waist, hips circumferences. Alcohol drinkers had a higher energy intake, with macronutrients providing relatively less energy at the expense of the energy derived from alcohol. Alcohol drinkers showed lower and higher consumptions of healthy and unhealthy food groups, respectively. In addition, adequacy ratios for all micronutrients assessed were lower in alcohol consumers. All these deleterious effects of alcohol on nutritional and anthropometric parameters increased with the number of alcoholic beverages consumed daily. Altogether, these findings suggest that limiting alcohol consumption can contribute to reducing the risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diet-related diseases.
饮酒是导致非传染性疾病的可改变风险因素。本研究旨在从营养、人体测量和社会人口统计学方面描述饮酒者的特征。使用来自阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁和委内瑞拉的 9218 名参与者的数据，这些参与者参加了一项多国家、基于人群的研究“拉丁美洲健康和营养研究（ELANS）”。通过两次 24 小时回顾法收集饮食摄入数据。使用从估计的日常摄入量计算得出的 ≥15 克/天的酒精摄入量的截止标准，将参与者分为饮酒者（=1073）和非饮酒者（=8145）。在饮酒者中，平均酒精摄入量为 69.22 ± 2.18 克（4.6 份/天），贡献 484.62 千卡，相当于总能量摄入的 16.86%。我们发现，来自低和中社会经济地位的年轻和中年男性饮酒的风险更高。阿根廷、巴西和智利的饮酒者比例最高，而厄瓜多尔的酒精摄入量最高。饮酒者的特点是体重和颈部、腰部、臀部周长较大。饮酒者的能量摄入较高，来自宏量营养素的能量相对较少，而来自酒精的能量则较多。饮酒者食用健康和不健康食物组的量分别较高和较低。此外，所有评估的微量营养素的充足率在饮酒者中较低。所有这些酒精对营养和人体测量参数的不良影响都随着每天饮用的酒精饮料数量的增加而增加。总之，这些发现表明限制饮酒可以有助于降低肥胖、代谢综合征和与饮食相关疾病的风险。
