Rojas Joselyn, Chávez-Castillo Mervin, Olivar Luis Carlos, Calvo María, Mejías José, Rojas Milagros, Morillo Jessenia, Bermúdez Valmore
Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, "Dr. Félix Gómez", Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Zulia, Venezuela.
J Pregnancy. 2015;2015:715735. doi: 10.1155/2015/715735. Epub 2015 Dec 1.
The genetic, endocrine, and metabolic mechanisms underlying female reproduction are numerous and sophisticated, displaying complex functional evolution throughout a woman's lifetime. This vital course may be systematized in three subsequent stages: prenatal development of ovaries and germ cells up until in utero arrest of follicular growth and the ensuing interim suspension of gonadal function; onset of reproductive maturity through puberty, with reinitiation of both gonadal and adrenal activity; and adult functionality of the ovarian cycle which permits ovulation, a key event in female fertility, and dictates concurrent modifications in the endometrium and other ovarian hormone-sensitive tissues. Indeed, the ultimate goal of this physiologic progression is to achieve ovulation and offer an adequate environment for the installation of gestation, the consummation of female fertility. Strict regulation of these processes is important, as disruptions at any point in this evolution may equate a myriad of endocrine-metabolic disturbances for women and adverse consequences on offspring both during pregnancy and postpartum. This review offers a summary of pivotal aspects concerning the physiologic course of female reproductive function.
女性生殖背后的遗传、内分泌和代谢机制众多且复杂，在女性一生中呈现出复杂的功能演变。这一重要过程可分为三个连续阶段：卵巢和生殖细胞的产前发育，直至子宫内卵泡生长停滞以及随之而来的性腺功能暂时停止；通过青春期开始生殖成熟，性腺和肾上腺活动重新启动；卵巢周期的成年功能，它允许排卵，这是女性生育能力的关键事件，并决定子宫内膜和其他对卵巢激素敏感组织的同步变化。事实上，这一生理进程的最终目标是实现排卵，并为妊娠的着床提供适宜环境，即女性生育能力的圆满实现。严格调节这些过程很重要，因为这一演变过程中任何一点的干扰都可能等同于女性出现无数内分泌代谢紊乱，以及对孕期和产后后代产生不良后果。本综述总结了女性生殖功能生理过程的关键方面。
