Padoan Elio, Malandrino Mery, Giacomino Agnese, Grosa Mauro M, Lollobrigida Francesco, Martini Sara, Abollino Ornella
Departimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, Grugliasco I-10095, Italy.
Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Torino I-10125, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2016 Feb;145:495-507. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.094. Epub 2015 Dec 14.
The results on elemental composition of aerosol (PM10) sampled during 2011 in Piedmont region (Italy) are interpreted using meteorological data, Enrichment Factors (EF), chemometric processing by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Factor Analysis (FA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). Daily concentrations of about 30 elements were measured using HR-ICP-MS in five monitoring sites. A clear seasonal pattern, with higher concentrations in autumn and winter, was observed, particularly in the urban sites. Levels of As, Cd, Ni and Pb in most of the samples were within the limits imposed by the European legislation. Spatial differences in PM10 and metal concentrations were significant, with rural and urban sites showing different metal patterns, indicating different sources. K and Ca were used, respectively, as marker of biomass burning and industrial marker (cement plant); EFs showed that Ca was enriched just in one area and K was enriched only in the winter period considered and in some stations. Data analysis through PCA, FA and HCA allowed us to identify correlations among the investigated elements and similarities between sampling sites in order to individuate specific emission sources, such as non-exhaust vehicle emission.
利用气象数据、富集因子（EF）、主成分分析（PCA）、因子分析（FA）和层次聚类分析（HCA）等化学计量学方法，对2011年在意大利皮埃蒙特地区采集的气溶胶（PM10）元素组成结果进行了解释。在五个监测点，使用高分辨率电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（HR-ICP-MS）测量了约30种元素的日浓度。观察到明显的季节模式，秋季和冬季浓度较高，尤其是在城市监测点。大多数样品中的砷、镉、镍和铅含量在欧洲法规规定的限值范围内。PM10和金属浓度的空间差异显著，农村和城市监测点呈现不同的金属模式，表明来源不同。钾和钙分别用作生物质燃烧的标志物和工业标志物（水泥厂）；富集因子表明，钙仅在一个区域富集，钾仅在所考虑的冬季以及一些监测站富集。通过主成分分析、因子分析和层次聚类分析进行的数据分析，使我们能够确定所研究元素之间的相关性以及采样点之间的相似性，以便确定特定的排放源，如非尾气车辆排放。
