Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 7º Andar, Bloco E, Cep 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Appetite. 2016 Mar 1;98:67-73. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.12.014. Epub 2015 Dec 18.
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption can cause positive energy balance, therefore leading to weight gain. A plausible biological mechanism to explain this association is through weak caloric compensation for liquid calories. However, there is an ongoing debate surrounding SSB calorie compensation. The body of evidence comes from a diversity of study designs and highly controlled settings assessing food and beverage intake. Our study aimed to test for caloric compensation of SSB in the free-living setting of daily meals. We analyzed two food records of participants (age 10 years or older) from the 2008-2009 National Dietary Survey (Brazil, N = 34,003). We used multilevel analyses to estimate the within-subject effects of SSB on food intake. Sugar-sweetened beverage calories were not compensated for when comparing daily energy intake over two days for each individual. When comparing meals, we found 42% of caloric compensation for breakfast, no caloric compensation for lunch and zero to 22% of caloric compensation for dinner, differing by household per capita income. In conclusion, SSB consumption contributed to higher energy intake due to weak caloric compensation. Discouraging the intake of SSB especially during lunch and dinner may help reduce excessive energy intake and lead to better weight management.
含糖饮料（SSB）的摄入会导致能量正平衡，从而导致体重增加。一种解释这种关联的合理生物学机制是通过对液体卡路里的微弱热量补偿。然而，关于 SSB 卡路里补偿的争论仍在继续。这些证据来自于各种不同的研究设计和高度控制的环境，评估食物和饮料的摄入量。我们的研究旨在测试 SSB 在日常饮食的自由生活环境中的热量补偿。我们分析了 2008-2009 年全国饮食调查（巴西，N=34003）中参与者的两份食物记录（年龄在 10 岁或以上）。我们使用多层分析来估计 SSB 对食物摄入的个体内影响。对于每个人的两天日常能量摄入，SSB 卡路里并没有得到补偿。在比较餐食时，我们发现早餐有 42%的热量补偿，午餐没有热量补偿，晚餐的热量补偿在 0 到 22%之间，这取决于家庭人均收入。总之，由于热量补偿较弱，SSB 的摄入会导致更高的能量摄入。特别是在午餐和晚餐时，抑制 SSB 的摄入可能有助于减少过多的能量摄入，并有助于更好的体重管理。
