Andersen Synne M, Waagbø Rune, Espe Marit
National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway.
National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO BOX 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway, 2Current address: EWOS AS, Tollbodalmenningen 1B, 5803 Bergen, Norway.
Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2016 Jan 1;8(1):143-69. doi: 10.2741/757.
Protein is the most expensive part of fish diets and supplies amino acids (AA) for energy, growth, protein synthesis and as substrates for key metabolic pathways. Functional AA is a term used to describe AA that are involved in cellular processes apart from protein synthesis. A deficiency, or imbalance, in functional AA may impair body metabolism and homeostasis. Recent years have seen an increased interest in AA to increase disease resistance, immune response, reproduction, behavior and more. This has led to a boost of commercially available functional fish feeds that aim to optimize fish performance and quality of the product. This review aim to collect recent findings of functional AA and of how they may improve fish health and welfare. It will focus on functional properties of some of the most studied AA, namely arginine, glutamine, glutamate, tryptophan, sulfur amino acids (methionine, cysteine and taurine), histidine and branched chain amino acids. Where information is not available in fish, we will point towards functions known in animals and humans, with possible translational functions to fish.
蛋白质是鱼类饲料中最昂贵的部分，为能量、生长、蛋白质合成以及关键代谢途径的底物提供氨基酸（AA）。功能性氨基酸是一个术语，用于描述除蛋白质合成外参与细胞过程的氨基酸。功能性氨基酸的缺乏或失衡可能损害机体代谢和内稳态。近年来，人们对氨基酸在增强抗病能力、免疫反应、繁殖、行为等方面的作用兴趣日增。这促使旨在优化鱼类生长性能和产品质量的市售功能性鱼饲料增多。本综述旨在收集功能性氨基酸的最新研究结果以及它们如何改善鱼类健康和福利。它将聚焦于一些研究最多的氨基酸的功能特性，即精氨酸、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、色氨酸、含硫氨基酸（蛋氨酸、半胱氨酸和牛磺酸）、组氨酸和支链氨基酸。在鱼类中缺乏相关信息时，我们将指出在动物和人类中已知的功能以及可能对鱼类具有的转化功能。
