Díaz-Formoso Lara, Contente Diogo, Feito Javier, Hernández Pablo E, Borrero Juan, Muñoz-Atienza Estefanía, Cintas Luis M
Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (Grupo SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos (Nutrición, Bromatología, Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Vet Sci. 2024 Aug 10;11(8):365. doi: 10.3390/vetsci11080365.
Frequently, diseases in aquaculture have been fought indiscriminately with the use of antibiotics, which has led to the development and dissemination of (multiple) antibiotic resistances in bacteria. Consequently, it is necessary to look for alternative and complementary approaches to chemotheraphy that are safe for humans, animals, and the environment, such as the use of probiotics in fish farming. The objective of this work was the Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatic and functional analyses of MDI13 and MEI5, two LAB strains isolated from the gut of commercial European hakes (, L.) caught in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. The WGS and bioinformatic and functional analyses confirmed the lack of transferable antibiotic resistance genes, the lack of virulence and pathogenicity issues, and their potentially probiotic characteristics. Specifically, genes involved in adhesion and aggregation, vitamin biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism were detected in both strains. In addition, genes related to lactic acid production, active metabolism, and/or adaptation to stress and adverse conditions in the host gastrointestinal tract were detected in MEI5. Moreover, a gene cluster encoding three bacteriocins (SlvV, BlpK, and BlpE) was identified in the genome of MDI13. The in vitro-synthesized bacteriocin BlpK showed antimicrobial activity against the ichthyopathogens and . Altogether, our results suggest that MDI13 and MEI5 have a strong potential as probiotics to prevent fish diseases in aquaculture as an appropriate alternative/complementary strategy to the use of antibiotics.
水产养殖中的疾病常常不加区分地使用抗生素来对抗，这导致了细菌中（多重）抗生素耐药性的产生和传播。因此，有必要寻找对人类、动物和环境安全的替代和补充化疗方法，例如在养鱼业中使用益生菌。这项工作的目的是对从东北大西洋捕获的商业欧洲无须鳕（Merluccius merluccius）肠道中分离出的两株乳酸菌MDI13和MEI5进行全基因组测序（WGS）以及生物信息学和功能分析。WGS以及生物信息学和功能分析证实了它们缺乏可转移的抗生素抗性基因，不存在毒力和致病性问题，以及它们具有潜在的益生菌特性。具体而言，在两株菌中都检测到了与黏附、聚集、维生素生物合成和氨基酸代谢相关的基因。此外，在MEI5中检测到了与乳酸产生、活跃代谢和/或适应宿主胃肠道应激及不利条件相关的基因。此外，在MDI13的基因组中鉴定出了一个编码三种细菌素（SlvV、BlpK和BlpE）的基因簇。体外合成的细菌素BlpK对鱼病病原体柱状黄杆菌（Flavobacterium columnare）和美人鱼发光杆菌杀鱼亚种（Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida）具有抗菌活性。总之，我们的结果表明，作为使用抗生素的合适替代/补充策略，MDI13和MEI5作为益生菌在预防水产养殖鱼类疾病方面具有巨大潜力。
