Hofmann Katrin, Praeg Nadine, Mutschlechner Mira, Wagner Andreas O, Illmer Paul
Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25 d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25 d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2016 Feb;92(2). doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiv171. Epub 2015 Dec 27.
Although methanogens were recently discovered to occur in aerated soils, alpine regions have not been extensively studied for their presence so far. Here, the abundance of archaea and the methanogenic guilds Methanosarcinales, Methanococcales, Methanobacteriales, Methanomicrobiales and Methanocella spp. was studied at 16 coniferous forest and 14 grassland sites located at the montane and subalpine belts of the Northern Limestone Alps (calcareous) and the Austrian Central Alps (siliceous) using quantitative real-time PCR. Abundance of archaea, methanogens and the methanogenic potentials were significantly higher in grasslands than in forests. Furthermore, methanogenic potentials of calcareous soils were higher due to pH. Methanococcales, Methanomicrobiales and Methanocella spp. were detected in all collected samples, which indicates that they are autochthonous, while Methanobacteriales were absent from 4 out of 16 forest soils. Methanosarcinales were absent from 10 out of 16 forest soils and 2 out of 14 grassland soils. Nevertheless, together with Methanococcales they represented the majority of the 16S rRNA gene copies quantified from the grassland soils. Contrarily, forest soils were clearly dominated by Methanococcales. Our results indicate a higher diversity of methanogens in well-aerated soils than previously believed and that pH mainly influences their abundances and activities.
尽管最近发现产甲烷菌存在于通气良好的土壤中，但到目前为止，尚未对高山地区产甲烷菌的存在情况进行广泛研究。在此，我们利用定量实时PCR技术，对位于北石灰岩阿尔卑斯山（钙质）和奥地利中部阿尔卑斯山（硅质）山地和亚高山带的16个针叶林和14个草地站点的古菌以及甲烷八叠球菌目、甲烷球菌目、甲烷杆菌目、甲烷微菌目和甲烷盒菌属等产甲烷菌群落的丰度进行了研究。草地中古菌、产甲烷菌的丰度和产甲烷潜力显著高于森林。此外，由于pH值的原因，钙质土壤的产甲烷潜力更高。在所有采集的样本中均检测到了甲烷球菌目、甲烷微菌目和甲烷盒菌属，这表明它们是本地的，而在16个森林土壤样本中有4个未检测到甲烷杆菌目。在16个森林土壤样本中有10个、14个草地土壤样本中有2个未检测到甲烷八叠球菌目。然而，它们与甲烷球菌目一起，在草地土壤中16S rRNA基因拷贝数的定量分析中占了大部分。相反，森林土壤明显以甲烷球菌目为主。我们的结果表明，通气良好的土壤中产甲烷菌的多样性比之前认为的更高，而且pH值主要影响它们的丰度和活性。
