CHALMERS - University of Technology, Department of Applied Mechanics, Sweden.
CHALMERS - University of Technology, Department of Applied Mechanics, Sweden; Autoliv Research, Sweden.
Accid Anal Prev. 2016 Mar;88:29-36. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.12.008. Epub 2015 Dec 21.
In Europe, the number of road crashes is steadily decreasing every year. However, the incidence of bicycle crashes is not declining as fast as that of car crashes. In Sweden, cyclists are the most frequently injured road users. Collisions between bicycles and motorized vehicles are of particular concern because the high speed and large mass of motorized vehicles create a high risk of serious injury to cyclists. In Sweden's urban areas, bicycle lanes keep bicycles separated from motorized vehicles, but on rural roads bicycle lanes are often absent, requiring drivers to interact with cyclists-usually by overtaking them. During this maneuver, drivers regulate speed and lateral position, negotiating with potential oncoming traffic to stay within their comfort zones while approaching and passing cyclists. In this study an instrumented bicycle recorded 145 overtaking maneuvers performed by car and truck drivers on public rural roads in Sweden. The bicycle was equipped with a LIDAR and two cameras to assess how drivers approached and circumvented the bicycle. The collected data allowed us to identify four overtaking phases and quantify the corresponding driver comfort zones. The presence of an oncoming vehicle was the factor that most influenced the maneuver, whereas neither vehicle speed, lane width, shoulder width nor posted speed limit significantly affected the driver comfort zone or the overtaking dynamics.
在欧洲，道路交通事故的数量每年都在稳步下降。然而，自行车事故的发生率并没有像汽车事故那样下降得那么快。在瑞典，骑自行车的人是最容易受伤的道路使用者。自行车与机动车辆之间的碰撞尤其令人关注，因为机动车辆的高速和大质量给骑自行车的人造成严重伤害的风险很高。在瑞典的城市地区，自行车道将自行车与机动车辆隔开，但在农村道路上，自行车道往往不存在，这要求司机与骑自行车的人互动——通常是超车。在这个操作过程中，司机调节速度和横向位置，与潜在的迎面而来的交通协商，以保持在他们的舒适区，同时接近和超过骑自行车的人。在这项研究中，一辆装有激光雷达和两个摄像头的仪器化自行车记录了瑞典公共农村道路上 145 次汽车和卡车司机的超车操作。这辆自行车配备了激光雷达和两个摄像头，用于评估司机如何接近和绕过自行车。收集的数据使我们能够识别出四个超车阶段，并量化相应的司机舒适区。迎面而来的车辆是影响操作的最重要因素，而车辆速度、车道宽度、路肩宽度或规定的限速都没有显著影响司机舒适区或超车动态。
