Maffei Antonio, Vencato Valentina, Angrilli Alessandro
Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
IN CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova Section, Padova, Italy.
PLoS One. 2015 Dec 30;10(12):e0145562. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145562. eCollection 2015.
The present study aimed to investigate gender differences in the emotional evaluation of 18 film clips divided into six categories: Erotic, Scenery, Neutral, Sadness, Compassion, and Fear. 41 female and 40 male students rated all clips for valence-pleasantness, arousal, level of elicited distress, anxiety, jittery feelings, excitation, and embarrassment. Analysis of positive films revealed higher levels of arousal, pleasantness, and excitation to the Scenery clips in both genders, but lower pleasantness and greater embarrassment in women compared to men to Erotic clips. Concerning unpleasant stimuli, unlike men, women reported more unpleasantness to the Compassion, Sadness, and Fear compared to the Neutral clips and rated them also as more arousing than did men. They further differentiated the films by perceiving greater arousal to Fear than to Compassion clips. Women rated the Sadness and Fear clips with greater Distress and Jittery feelings than men did. Correlation analysis between arousal and the other emotional scales revealed that, although men looked less aroused than women to all unpleasant clips, they also showed a larger variance in their emotional responses as indicated by the high number of correlations and their relatively greater extent, an outcome pointing to a masked larger sensitivity of part of male sample to emotional clips. We propose a new perspective in which gender difference in emotional responses can be better evidenced by means of film clips selected and clustered in more homogeneous categories, controlled for arousal levels, as well as evaluated through a number of emotion focused adjectives.
本研究旨在调查18个电影片段的情感评价中的性别差异，这些片段分为六类：色情、风景、中性、悲伤、同情和恐惧。41名女学生和40名男学生对所有片段的效价愉悦度、唤醒度、引发的痛苦程度、焦虑、紧张感、兴奋度和尴尬程度进行了评分。对积极电影的分析显示，两性对风景片段的唤醒度、愉悦度和兴奋度都较高，但与男性相比，女性对色情片段的愉悦度较低，尴尬程度较高。关于不愉快的刺激，与男性不同，女性报告说，与中性片段相比，她们对同情、悲伤和恐惧片段更不愉快，并且认为这些片段比男性更能唤起情绪。她们还通过感知到恐惧片段比同情片段有更高的唤醒度来区分这些电影。女性对悲伤和恐惧片段的痛苦和紧张感评分高于男性。唤醒度与其他情感量表之间的相关分析表明，尽管男性对所有不愉快片段的唤醒程度看起来比女性低，但他们的情感反应也表现出更大的差异，这体现在大量的相关性及其相对较大的程度上，这一结果表明男性样本的一部分对情感片段存在更大的隐蔽敏感性。我们提出了一个新的视角，通过选择并聚类为更同质的类别、控制唤醒水平以及通过一些关注情感的形容词进行评估的电影片段，可以更好地证明情感反应中的性别差异。
