Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 3 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 3 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
Water Res. 2016 Feb 1;89:330-54. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.020. Epub 2015 Nov 19.
Rainwater becomes loaded with a large number of pollutants when in contact with the atmosphere and urban surfaces. These pollutants (such as metals, pesticides, PAHs, PCBs) reduce the quality of water bodies. As it is now acknowledged that physico-chemical analyses alone are insufficient for identifying an ecological impact, these analyses are frequently completed or replaced by impact studies communities living in freshwater ecosystems (requiring biological indices), ecotoxicological studies, etc. Thus, different monitoring strategies have been developed over recent decades aimed at evaluating the impact of the pollution brought by urban wet weather discharges on the biocenosis of receiving aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this review is to establish a synthetic and critical view of these different methods used, to define their advantages and disadvantages, and to provide recommendations for futures researches. Although studies on aquatic communities are used efficiently, notably on benthic macroinvertebrates, they are difficult to interpret. In addition, despite the fact that certain bioassays lack representativeness, the literature at present appears meagre regarding ecotoxicological studies conducted in situ. However, new tools for studying urban wet weather discharges have emerged, namely biosensors. The advantages of biosensors are that they allow monitoring the impact of discharges in situ and continuously. However, only one study on this subject has been identified so far, making it necessary to perform further research in this direction.
雨水与大气和城市表面接触时，会吸收大量污染物。这些污染物（如金属、农药、多环芳烃、多氯联苯）降低了水体质量。由于现在人们已经认识到，仅进行理化分析不足以识别生态影响，因此这些分析通常由居住在淡水生态系统中的社区（需要生物指标）的影响研究、生态毒理学研究等完成或取代。因此，近几十年来已经开发了不同的监测策略，旨在评估城市雨洪排放的污染对受纳水生态系统生物群系的影响。本综述的目的是对这些不同方法进行综合和批判性的评价，确定它们的优缺点，并为未来的研究提供建议。尽管水生生物群落的研究（特别是底栖大型无脊椎动物）得到了有效利用，但它们难以解释。此外，尽管某些生物测定法缺乏代表性，但目前关于原位进行的生态毒理学研究的文献似乎很少。然而，研究城市雨洪排放的新工具已经出现，即生物传感器。生物传感器的优点是能够原位和连续监测排放的影响。然而，到目前为止，仅确定了一项关于该主题的研究，因此有必要在这方面进行进一步的研究。
