Sampson Robert J, Mare Robert D, Perkins Kristin L
Henry Ford II Professor of the Social Sciences at Harvard University.
Distinguished professor of sociology at UCLA.
Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci. 2015 Jul;660(1):156-174. doi: 10.1177/0002716215576117.
This article focuses on stability and change in "mixed middle-income" neighborhoods. We first analyze variation across nearly two decades for all neighborhoods in the United States and in the Chicago area, particularly. We then analyze a new longitudinal study of almost 700 Chicago adolescents over an 18-year span, including the extent to which they are exposed to different neighborhood income dynamics during the transition to young adulthood. The concentration of income extremes is persistent among neighborhoods, generally, but mixed middle-income neighborhoods are more fluid. Persistence also dominates among individuals, though Latino-Americans are much more likely than African Americans or whites to be exposed to mixed middle-income neighborhoods in the first place and to transition into them over time, even when adjusting for immigrant status, education, income, and residential mobility. The results here enhance our knowledge of the dynamics of income inequality at the neighborhood level, and the endurance of concentrated extremes suggests that policies seeking to promote mixed-income neighborhoods face greater odds than commonly thought.
本文聚焦于“中等收入混合”社区的稳定性与变化。我们首先分析了美国所有社区以及芝加哥地区近二十年来的变化情况，尤其着重于此。接着，我们分析了一项针对近700名芝加哥青少年长达18年的新纵向研究，包括他们在步入青年期过程中接触不同社区收入动态的程度。总体而言，收入极端情况在社区中持续存在，但中等收入混合社区更具流动性。个体层面同样以持续性为主，不过拉丁裔美国人比非裔美国人或白人更有可能首先接触到中等收入混合社区，并随着时间推移过渡到这类社区，即便在对移民身份、教育程度、收入和居住流动性进行调整之后也是如此。此处的研究结果增进了我们对社区层面收入不平等动态的认识，而收入极端情况的持续性表明，旨在促进混合收入社区的政策面临的困难比通常认为的更大。
