Lode H
Medical Department, Klinikum Steglitz, Freie Universität Berlin, FRG.
Rev Infect Dis. 1989 Jul-Aug;11 Suppl 5:S996-1004. doi: 10.1093/clinids/11.supplement_5.s996.
Some of the newer quinolone derivatives (e.g., ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, fleroxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, and amifloxacin) can be administered intravenously. Parenteral quinolone therapy is indicated primarily for patients receiving intensive care or in the early postoperative phase, for perioperative prophylaxis, and for patients with disturbed absorption. With respect to pharmacokinetic parameters, there are no substantial differences between parenteral and oral preparations of the quinolones. The quinolones have a long elimination half-life, a high volume of distribution, low protein-binding capacity, renal as well as extrarenal elimination, and limited biotransformation. Thus far, the limited data concerning the clinical efficacy and safety of quinolones are available only for the parenteral forms of ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, and ofloxacin. The data available indicate good to excellent clinical and antimicrobiologic responses in patients with complicated urinary tract infections; respiratory tract infections; intraabdominal, bone and joint, skin and soft tissue infections; and difficult-to-treat infections (e.g., septicemia, nosocomial pneumonia, and fever of unknown origin in neutropenic patients).
一些较新的喹诺酮衍生物（如环丙沙星、依诺沙星、氟罗沙星、氧氟沙星、培氟沙星和阿米氟沙星）可静脉给药。胃肠外喹诺酮治疗主要适用于接受重症监护的患者或术后早期患者、围手术期预防以及吸收功能紊乱的患者。就药代动力学参数而言，喹诺酮类药物的胃肠外制剂和口服制剂之间没有实质性差异。喹诺酮类药物消除半衰期长、分布容积大、蛋白结合能力低、经肾和肾外消除且生物转化有限。到目前为止，关于喹诺酮类药物临床疗效和安全性的有限数据仅适用于环丙沙星、培氟沙星和氧氟沙星的胃肠外剂型。现有数据表明，患有复杂性尿路感染、呼吸道感染、腹腔内感染、骨和关节感染、皮肤和软组织感染以及难治性感染（如败血症、医院获得性肺炎和中性粒细胞减少患者的不明原因发热）的患者对喹诺酮类药物有良好至极佳的临床和微生物学反应。
