Jones Dean P
Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30322 USA.
Toxicol Rep. 2016;3:29-45. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.11.009.
The exposome is a complement to the genome that includes non-genetic causes of disease. Multiple definitions are available, with salient points being global inclusion of exposures and behaviors, and cumulative integration of associated biologic responses. As such, the concept is both refreshingly simple and dauntingly complex. This article reviews high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) as an affordable approach to routinely analyze samples for a broad spectrum of environmental chemicals and biologic responses. HRM has been successfully used in multiple exposome research paradigms and is suitable to implement in a prototype universal exposure surveillance system. Development of such a structure for systematic monitoring of environmental exposures is an important step toward sequencing the exposome because it builds upon successes of exposure science, naturally connects external exposure to body burden and partitions the exposome into workable components. Practical results would be repositories of quantitative data on chemicals according to geography and biology. This would support new opportunities for environmental health analysis and predictive modeling. Complementary approaches to hasten development of exposome theory and associated biologic response networks could include experimental studies with model systems, analysis of archival samples from longitudinal studies with outcome data and study of relatively short-lived animals, such as household pets (dogs and cats) and non-human primates (common marmoset). International investment and cooperation to sequence the human exposome will advance scientific knowledge and also provide an important foundation to control adverse environmental exposures to sustain healthy living spaces and improve prediction and management of disease.
暴露组是基因组的补充，包括疾病的非遗传病因。目前有多种定义，其要点是全面纳入暴露因素和行为，以及对相关生物反应进行累积整合。因此，这个概念既简单得令人耳目一新，又复杂得让人望而生畏。本文综述了高分辨率代谢组学（HRM），它是一种经济实惠的方法，可用于常规分析样本中的多种环境化学物质和生物反应。HRM已成功应用于多个暴露组研究范式，适用于在通用暴露监测系统原型中实施。开发这样一个用于系统监测环境暴露的结构是对暴露组进行测序的重要一步，因为它建立在暴露科学的成功基础之上，自然地将外部暴露与体内负荷联系起来，并将暴露组划分为可操作的组成部分。实际成果将是按地理和生物学分类的化学物质定量数据储存库。这将为环境健康分析和预测建模提供新的机会。加速暴露组理论及相关生物反应网络发展的补充方法可能包括使用模型系统进行实验研究、分析具有结局数据的纵向研究的存档样本，以及研究寿命相对较短的动物，如家养宠物（狗和猫）和非人类灵长类动物（普通狨猴）。对人类暴露组进行测序的国际投资与合作将推动科学知识的进步，也为控制不良环境暴露以维持健康生活空间以及改善疾病预测和管理提供重要基础。
