Andrew Rachel, Tiggemann Marika, Clark Levina
School of Psychology, Flinders University.
Dev Psychol. 2016 Mar;52(3):463-474. doi: 10.1037/dev0000095. Epub 2016 Jan 4.
This study aimed to investigate prospective predictors and health-related outcomes of positive body image in adolescent girls. In so doing, the modified acceptance model of intuitive eating was also examined longitudinally. A sample of 298 girls aged 12 to 16 years completed a questionnaire containing measures of body appreciation, potential predictors, and a range of health outcomes, at 2 time points separated by 1 year. Longitudinal change regression models showed that perceived body acceptance by others (positively), self-objectification and social comparison (negatively), and body appreciation (positively) prospectively predicted intuitive eating 1 year later, consistent with the acceptance model of intuitive eating. Perceived body acceptance by others was the only proposed predictor to prospectively predict an increase in body appreciation over time. Time 1 body appreciation prospectively predicted a decrease in dieting, alcohol, and cigarette use, and an increase in physical activity 1 year later. In particular, girls with low body appreciation were more likely than girls with high body appreciation to take up alcohol and cigarette use between time points. The results highlight body appreciation as an important target for interventions designed to prevent or delay the uptake of alcohol and cigarette consumption among girls. More broadly, they suggest that a positive body image can confer considerable benefit for adolescent girls.
本研究旨在调查青春期女孩积极身体意象的前瞻性预测因素及与健康相关的结果。在此过程中，还对直觉性饮食的修正接受模型进行了纵向研究。298名年龄在12至16岁之间的女孩样本在两个相隔1年的时间点完成了一份问卷，问卷包含身体欣赏、潜在预测因素及一系列健康结果的测量指标。纵向变化回归模型显示，他人感知到的身体接受程度（正向）、自我物化和社会比较（负向）以及身体欣赏（正向）可前瞻性地预测1年后的直觉性饮食，这与直觉性饮食的接受模型一致。他人感知到的身体接受程度是唯一被提出的可前瞻性预测身体欣赏随时间增加的预测因素。时间1的身体欣赏可前瞻性地预测1年后节食、饮酒和吸烟行为的减少以及体育活动的增加。特别是，身体欣赏程度低的女孩比身体欣赏程度高的女孩在两个时间点之间更有可能开始饮酒和吸烟。研究结果突出了身体欣赏作为旨在预防或延缓女孩饮酒和吸烟行为干预措施的重要目标。更广泛地说，研究结果表明积极的身体意象可为青春期女孩带来相当大的益处。
