大都市和非大都市地区青春期女性身体意象的趋势：一项纵向研究。
Trends in body image of adolescent females in metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions: a longitudinal study.
作者信息
Craike M, Young J A, Symons C M, Pain M D, Harvey J T, Eime R M, Payne W R
机构信息
Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria, 8001, Australia.
School of Health Sciences, Federation University, PO Box 663, Ballarat, Victoria, 3353, Australia.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2016 Nov 8;16(1):1143. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3815-1.
BACKGROUND
Body dissatisfaction is associated with a range of adverse outcomes, including impaired psychological health, low physical activity and disordered eating. This longitudinal study used the Factors Influencing Transitions in Girls' Active Leisure and Sport (FITGALS) dataset to examine trends in body image of adolescent females. Specifically, the study examined satisfaction with body size, physical appearance and dieting behaviour for two cohorts at transitional life phases in two geographic regions longitudinally over a 3-year period.
METHODS
A sample of 732 adolescent females in Grade 7 (n = 489, 66.8 %) and Grade 11 (n = 243, 33.2 %) at randomly selected Australian metropolitan and non-metropolitan secondary schools responded to a questionnaire in three successive years from 2008 to 2010. Participants reported perceptions about their body size and physical appearance and whether they were, or ought to be, on a diet. The data were analysed using a series of longitudinal logistic regression models.
RESULTS
Dieting and dissatisfaction with body size significantly increased over time and more so for older than younger girls. Region significantly moderated the effect of grade level regarding dissatisfaction with body size but not dieting. In non-metropolitan regions, those in the younger cohort were significantly more likely to be dissatisfied with their body size than the older cohort; whereas in metropolitan regions, those in the older cohort were significantly more likely to be dissatisfied with their body size than the younger cohort. Adolescent female's perceptions of their appearance were unchanged over time, region and grade level.
CONCLUSIONS
Differences across time, region and grade level were found among adolescent females on body size and dieting behaviour, but not physical appearance. Adolescent females experience early and increasing body size dissatisfaction and dieting as they age, but stable perceptions of physical appearance. Age and geographic region are important considerations for the timing and targeting of interventions to address body image concerns. Further investigation of regional differences in body image perceptions and factors that affect these is warranted. The findings of this study highlight the ongoing need for strategies during adolescence to promote a healthy appreciation of body size and appearance.
背景
身体不满意与一系列不良后果相关，包括心理健康受损、身体活动量低和饮食失调。这项纵向研究使用了女孩积极休闲与运动转变影响因素（FITGALS）数据集来研究青春期女性的身体形象趋势。具体而言，该研究纵向考察了两个地理区域处于过渡生命阶段的两个队列在3年时间里对身体大小、外貌和节食行为的满意度。
方法
在2008年至2010年连续三年中，从澳大利亚随机选取的大都市和非大都市的中学里，抽取了732名七年级（n = 489，66.8%）和十一年级（n = 243，33.2%）的青春期女性作为样本，让她们回答一份问卷。参与者报告了对自己身体大小和外貌的看法，以及她们是否正在或应该节食。使用一系列纵向逻辑回归模型对数据进行分析。
结果
随着时间推移，节食和对身体大小的不满意显著增加，年龄较大的女孩比年龄较小的女孩更明显。地区显著调节了年级水平对身体大小不满意的影响，但对节食没有影响。在非大都市地区，较年轻队列中的人比年长队列中的人更有可能对自己的身体大小不满意；而在大都市地区，年长队列中的人比年轻队列中的人更有可能对自己的身体大小不满意。青春期女性对外貌的看法在时间、地区和年级水平上没有变化。
结论
在青春期女性中，在身体大小和节食行为方面发现了时间、地区和年级水平的差异，但在外貌方面没有差异。随着年龄增长，青春期女性对身体大小的不满意和节食情况出现得较早且不断增加，但对外貌的看法保持稳定。年龄和地理区域是针对解决身体形象问题的干预措施的时机和目标定位时需要考虑的重要因素。有必要进一步调查身体形象认知的地区差异以及影响这些差异的因素。本研究结果凸显了在青春期持续需要采取策略来促进对身体大小和外貌的健康欣赏。
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