Surviving adult cancers. Part 2: Psychosocial implications.

PURPOSE

To address the psychosocial implications of surviving adult cancers by a comprehensive review of the literature.

DATA IDENTIFICATION

An English-language literature search using MEDLINE (1970 to 1988). Index Medicus (1970 to 1988), and bibliographic reviews of textbooks and review articles.

STUDY SELECTION

Of 103 originally identified articles, 58 that specifically addressed the stated purpose were selected.

DATA EXTRACTION

Four authors reviewed and critiqued the literature extrapolating the major themes on this topic.

RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS

There is little information on the many psychosocial variables that affect an adult's long-term cancer survival trajectory. Collation of data identified the following significant psychosocial themes: fear of recurrence and death, relationships with the health care team, adjustment to physical compromise, alterations in customary social support, isolationism, psychosocial reorientation, and employment and insurance problems.

CONCLUSIONS

The continuation of a rehabilitation effort begun around the initial diagnosis of cancer would be instrumental in providing post-therapy evaluation and guidance needed by adult long-term survivors of cancer. Education, research, and support interventions need to be mobilized for this population of adults with a history of cancer.